Associations of chronotype and sleep with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes
Abstract
In this study, the authors analyzed whether chronotypes, sleep duration, and sleep sufficiency are associated with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes by using the National FINRISK Study 2007 data (N = 6258), being a representative sample of the population aged 25 to 74 living in five areas of Finland. Health status assessments and laboratory measurements from the participants (N = 4589) of the DILGOM substudy were used for the detailed analysis of chronotype. Evening types had a 2.5-fold odds ratio for type 2 diabetes (p < .01) as compared with morning types, the association being independent of sleep duration and sleep sufficiency. Evening types had a 1.3-fold odds ratio for arterial hypertension (p < .05 after controlling for sleep duration or sleep sufficiency), a faster resting heart rate and a lower systolic blood pressure (both p < .01), and lower levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (both p < .0001) than morning types. There were significant 1.2- to 1.4-fold odds ratios for arterial hypertension among those with long or short sleep durations or reduced sleep sufficiency. To conclude, the behavioral trait towards eveningness is suggested to predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes in particular, whereas compromised sleep is robustly associated with arterial hypertension.
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Mounting evidence suggests an association between evening chronotype and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
“Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests a potential association between an evening chronotype and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (12, 13) and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (11, 13).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
The associations between evening type and cardiovascular risk factors in FINRISK 2007 occurred independently of sleep duration and sufficiency.
“These associations occurred independently of sleep duration and sufficiency (13).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In FINRISK 2007 (n = 6258), individuals with an evening type had 1.3-fold greater odds of arterial hypertension, a faster resting heart rate, and lower systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol than morning types.
“In a larger cross-sectional analysis of the national FINRISK 2007 study, which included a representative sample of the Finnish population aged 25–74 y (n = 6258), individuals with an evening type had 1.3-fold greater odds of arterial hypertension, a faster resting heart rate, and a lower systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol than morning types (13).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
In FINRISK 2007, individuals with an evening chronotype had 2.5-fold greater odds of type 2 diabetes than individuals with a morning chronotype.
“Indeed, in the FINRISK 2007 study, individuals with an evening chronotype had 2.5-fold greater odds of type 2 diabetes than individuals with a morning chronotype (13).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Sleep has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors and diseases.
“As a common physiologic function that has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors [7–11], and diseases [12], sleep may be such a target.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Evening types are more likely to be depressed, overweight, diabetic, and hypertensive compared to morning types.
“Evening types are also more likely to be depressed (10), overweight (11), diabetic, and hypertensive (12), in comparison to morning types.”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [12]
More evening chronotypes are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and mental health issues.
“It has been shown that more evening chronotypes are associated with obesity [ 181 ], type 2 diabetes [ 182 ], hypertension [ 182 ], mental health issues [ 183 ], etc.”
From Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [182]
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References 53 · Cited by 368
- Authors
- Merikanto, I., Lahti, T., Puolijoki, H., Vanhala, M., Peltonen, M., Laatikainen, T., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., Kronholm, E., & Partonen, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Department of Internal Medicine, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, and South Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Seinäjoki, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 470-477
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W2116417140
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 28.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronotype, eveningness, sleep duration, sleep sufficiency, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, FINRISK Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Circadian Rhythm, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Odds Ratio
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