The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effectiveness of individual lifestyle interventions in reducing cardiovascular disease and risk factors
Open accessAbstract
In order to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity and mortality among working-age adults, we undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of various lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol intake reduction) in adults followed for 1 year or longer. Twenty-one single-factor and 21 multifactorial interventions were analysed by outcome. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and total mortality were considered as main outcomes. Changes in weight, total cholesterol, blood pressure, sodium excretion, smoking and alcohol consumption were also analysed, and numbers needed to treat were calculated for smoking, morbidity and mortality. In secondary prevention, both single and multifactorial lifestyle interventions were shown to reduce morbidity and mortality, and multifactorial approaches reduced cholesterol levels. Primary prevention was found to reduce risk factors efficiently, especially when the intervention is multifactorial. Effect sizes were heterogeneous with wide confidence intervals. Standardized ways of describing interventions, measuring their effects and reporting outcomes systematically would facilitate effect-size evaluations. Interventions should optimally be multifactorial and targeted at high-risk patients with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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“Meta-analyses have shown reduced morbidity and mortality associated with lifestyle interventions used for secondary prevention.162,163”
From Obesity‐Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment: A Position Paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension (2013) · cites this paper as [162]
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Ketola, E., Sipilä, R., & Mäkelä, M.
- Corresponding author
- Ketola, Eeva
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 239-251
- ISSN
- 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2060
- OpenAlex
- W2142524048
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- lifestyle intervention, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, multifactorial intervention, diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol consumption reduction, secondary prevention, primary prevention, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, cholesterol, blood pressure, sodium excretion, weight, number needed to treat, working-age adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Diet, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Smoking, Sodium, Health Behavior, Exercise, Survival Rate, Confidence Intervals, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
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