The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Health Utilities Index (HUI®) system for assessing health-related quality of life in clinical studies
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews the Health Utilities Index (HUI) systems as means to describe health status and obtain utility scores reflecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The HUI Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3) classification and scoring systems are described. The methods used to estimate multiattribute utility functions for HUI2 and HUI3 are reviewed. The use of HUI in clinical studies for a wide variety of conditions in a large number of countries is illustrated. HUI provides a comprehensive description of the health status of subjects in clinical studies. HUI has been shown to be a reliable, responsive and valid measure in a wide variety of clinical studies. Utility scores provide an overall assessment of the HRQoL of patients. Utility scores are also useful in cost-utility analyses and related studies. General population norm data are available. The widespread use of HUI facilitates the interpretation of results and permits comparisons. HUI is a useful tool for assessing health status and HRQoL in clinical studies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The Health Utilities Index (HUI) provides indicators of multiple attributes of health status for use in economic evaluations of healthcare programmes. It has well-established validity and reliability in many clinical contexts (test–retest reliability of 0.767 intraclass correlation coefficient).77 78”
From Coached, Coordinated, Enhanced Neonatal Transition (CCENT): Protocol for a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial of transition-to-home support for parents of high-risk infants (2021) · cites this paper as [77]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
Miller, G. A. (1956) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0043158 · Cited by 17,812
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
Miller, G. A. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.343 · Cited by 17,559
Theory of games and economic behavior
Garcia, S. R., & Miller, S. J. (2019) · American Mathematical Society eBooks · doi:10.1090/mbk/121/32 · Cited by 16,777
EuroQol: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life
(1990) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9 · Cited by 15,736
Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs.
Tsoukias, A., Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (1994) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.2307/2584151 · Cited by 8,414
Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine
(1996) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195108248.001.0001 · Cited by 7,193
Decisions with Multiple Objectives
Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174084 · Cited by 4,449
Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life
Guyatt, G., Feeny, D., & Patrick, D. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00009 · Cited by 2,168
Self-citationValue-Focused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking
Keeney, R. L. (1992) · Cited by 2,147
A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease
Guyatt, G. H., Berman, L. B., Townsend, M., Pugsley, S. O., & Chambers, L. W. (1987) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.42.10.773 · Cited by 1,721
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- Feeny D H, 1996, Quality of Life and Pharmacoeconomics in Clinical Trials. 2nd edn, 85
- Feeny D, 2000, Med Care, 9, II-151
- Houle C, 2000, Quality of Life Newsletter, 24, 5
- 10.1177/02729890122062622 · DOI
- Le Galès C, Economie et Prévision
- Furlong W J, 1996, Variability of utility scores for health states among general population groups (MSc Thesis)
- Richardson J, 1999, Report to the Pharmaceutical Evaluation Section, Pharmaceutical Benefits Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, 25 March, 1999. Monash University, Australia
- Furlong W J, 2001, The Health Utilities Index (HUP) system for assessing health-related quality of life in clinical trials
- Costet N, 1998, Qual Life Res, 7, 245, 10.1023/A:1008830115246 · DOI
- Barr R D, 1997, Int J Oncol, 11, 333
- Barr R D, 1993, Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 15, 284
- Wang Q, 1999, Singapore Med J, 40, 389
- Speechley K N, 1999, Int J Cancer, 95, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(1999)83:12+<95::AID-IJC18>3.0.CO;2-H · DOI
- Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, 1994, Guidelines for economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals: Canada. 1st edn
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–748 of 748
Chan, D. C.-C., Chiang, L. L.-W., Chu, W. C., Chung, C. C.-Y., Hon, N. W. L., Wong, W. H. S., & Chan, G. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-213821/v1
Pinto, P. A. L. D. A., Sá, L. N. D. S., Guedes, B. N., & de Melo, F. J. C. (2021) · RAHIS - Revista de Administração Hospitalar e Inovação em Saúde · doi:10.21450/rahis.v18i2.6637
Decision-Making in the Context of Funding Cancer Therapy
de Graaff, B., & Cox, I. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84702-9_14
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-9022-593-6.00021-x
Chapter 16: Economic and Humanistic Outcomes of Health Care Delivery
Gatwood, J. D. (2020) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/9781582123417.ch16
Thoma, A., Jansen, L. A., Sprague, S., & Duku, E. (2008) · Plastic Surgery · doi:10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000554
Assessing Quality of Life in Older Adult Patients with Skin Disorders
Farage, M. A., Miller, K. W., Sherman, S. N., & Tsevat, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_73-2
Quality of Life in Childhood Hydrocephalus
Badhiwala, J. H., Nassiri, F., & Kulkarni, A. V. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27250-4_87
Cochlear Implantation and Quality of Life in Deafness
Damen, G. W. J. A., Mylanus, E. A. M., & Snik, A. F. M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_226
Fayegh, A. K., Sulaiman, W. A. W., Basri, H., Ravanipour, M., Mohamed, M. H., Din, H. M., & Mat, L. N. I. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2360594/v1
Resurrecting Multiattribute Utility Function: Developing a Value Set for Health Utility for Glaucoma
Kennedy, K. F., Pickard, A. S., Tarride, J., & Xie, F. (2023) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2023.04.001
Examining the Relationship Between Access to Healthcare and Marginalization in Toronto
DiMartella-Orsi, J. (2023) · doi:10.32920/23295992
Cao, R., & Yan, C. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3201111/v1
MacDonald, S., Stratas, A., Synnes, A. R., Sandila, N., Campbell-Yeo, M. L., Shah, P. S., & Ghotra, S. (2023) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326136
Kaushik, A., Kim, C. H., Hofmann, S., Janeiro, M. J., Lloyd, A. R., & Aragão, F. (2024) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2024.06.002
Parent-Derived Health State Utilities for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Bram, J. T., Ellsworth, B. K., Cirrincione, P. M., Nichols, E. T., Levine, K., Adhiyaman, A., Scher, D. M., Doyle, S. M., Sink, E. L., & Dodwell, E. R. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000002772
Quebec Health-Related Quality-of-Life Population Norms Using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3
Poder, T. G., Dohouin, I., & on Behalf of the TORSADE Cohort Working Group (2024) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002100
Hopkins, T., Kwon, E., Lapins, A., Gill, N. P., Roberts, A., & Rogalski, E. J. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12499
Al‐Saady, M. L. (2024) · doi:10.5463/thesis.775
Willingness to pay per quality-adjusted life year of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma patients in Vietnam
Huy, P. G., Dung, P. X., Thap, D. T., & Y, N. (2024) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG · doi:10.59294/hiujs.vol.7.2024.681
Willingness-to-pay per quality-adjusted life year of patients with psoriasis: A study in Vietnam
Yen, D. H., Hao, N. T., & Hang, N. T. (2024) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG · doi:10.59294/hiujs.vol.7.2024.683
Niu, Y., Beğen, N., Zou, G., & Sarma, S. (2025) · Applied Health Economics and Health Policy · doi:10.1007/s40258-025-00947-y
“The individual responses to the eight attributes are then transformed to utility scores using the Canadian population value set [36].”
Saeed, Y. A., Mitsakakis, N., Feld, J. J., Krahn, M. D., Kwong, J. C., & Wong, W. W. L. (2025) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x251319342
Case Study: Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Omeprazole
Schmaling, K. B., & Kaplan, R. M. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009391733.017
“Can It Work? Does It Work? Is It Worth It?”
Schmaling, K. B., & Kaplan, R. M. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009391733.003
Schmaling, K. B., & Kaplan, R. M. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009391733.002
Schmaling, K. B., & Kaplan, R. M. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009391733.016
Zhang, Y., Yang, L., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-025-02401-y
“Because it is highly interpretive and comparable, the utility score is commonly used in clinical research, cost measurement, and decision making [2].”
Psychometric Validation of EQ-5D-5L in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in China
Xie, H., Zhang, Q., Jin, R., He, J., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Shao, X., Li, X., Zhai, H., & Chang, F. (2025) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2025.101164
“Although the SF-6D, Health Utilities Indexes, 12 and the EQ-5D developed by the EuroQol Group 13 are all reliable and valid generic instruments to measure health utility, the SF-6D is the only one to have been subject to psychometric evaluation within an SCI context, 14 and EQ-5D has been…”
Hines, C. T., Steimle, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2025) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2025.2557347 · Cited by 1
Briggs, R., Tari, S., Rousset, A., English, R., Hersbach, A. A., & Cowan, R. (2025) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001750
“…meaningful), 2 subjects showing changes above the 0.03 threshold that has been deemed indicative of “noticeable improvement in quality of life” (Furlong et al. 2001; Müller et al. 2021) and 4 participants showed change of 0.1 or above, which is deemed a minimum clinically important change…”
InfluentialHavermans, R. J. M., de Jongh, M. A. C., de Munter, L., & Lansink, K. W. W. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12160569
Corticosteroids and antiviral treatment for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Kurotschka, P. K., Daly, F., Gágyor, I., Bauer, M., Babl, F. E., Santiago, V. H., Bassi, M. C., Somasundara, D., Lowe, S. W., & Sullivan, F. (2026) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015563
Siegel, L., Bajin, M. D., Zgardau, A., Zimmerman, K., Parnes, L. S., You, P., & Agrawal, S. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Audiology and Otology · doi:10.3389/fauot.2026.1764356
Reaume, S. V., Dubin, J. A., Perlman, C. M., & Ferro, M. A. (2026) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70266
“…as restrictions in walking, dressing and expressing thoughts independently (Feng et al. 2009; Furlong et al. 2001) are potentially modifiable with therapeutic interventions like pain management, mobility aids and communication devices (Furlong et al. 2001; Horsman et al. 2003; Solmi et al. 2023).”
InfluentialIsmail, I. (2015) · doi:10.70675/ba8baf8fz186bz4279za8caz2f2466432a62
“The other HRQoL surveys being the Short Form 6D (SF-6D), Quality of Wellbeing (QWB) and Health Utility Index (HUI) [Furlong et al., 2001]”
MethodDesroziers, K. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b780ece8zf2daz4822zab3bza4c0217c74bb
Douwes, J. P. J., Tops, A. L., Dibbets‐Schneider, P., Verbist, B. M., Bassaletti, C. F., Jansen, J. C., Koetsier, K. S., van Dam, V. S., Koot, R. W., van Velden, F. H. P., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114812
Papaioannou, A., Ioannidis, G., Kennedy, C., Hladysh, G., Lee, J., Adachi, J. D., Cowan, D., Duarte, D., Hategan, A., Innes, A., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09782-5
“Health utility scores derived from the HUI [59], which will also be collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months, will be weighted by time spent in health states using an area-under-the-curve approach to calculate QALYs.”
Calvert, S., Broome, E., Pourhoseingholi, M. A., Schoones, J. W., Xia, J., Sereda, M., Bateman, P. K., MacKeith, S. A. C., Chen, S., & Henshaw, H. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0351505
Michaels, J. A. (2026) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/13558196261470627
Dinikina, Y. V., Muliarova, N. V., Черников, В. В., Nikitina, I. L., Zheludkova, O., Kelmanson, I. A., Smirnova, А. Y., Гойкалов, Н. Г., & Vinyarskaya, I. V. (2026) · Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.21682/2311-1267-2026-13-2-41-53
Vyasam, S., Oommen, S. P., James, E. J., Ponvelil, J. J., & Pragathesh, P. (2026) · JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE · doi:10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_124_25
Time-dependent analysis of HUS change in older patients aged > 75 years with head and neck cancer
Cheng, D., Hueniken, K., Hope, A., Huang, S. H., Spreafico, A., Goldstein, D. P., Bratman, S. V., Zhao, Y., Ren, J., de Almeida, J. R., et al. (2026) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-026-02551-7
“…a preference-based summary measure, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) generates a health utility score (HUS) that captures multiple domains of HRQoL on a common utility scale, providing a clinically inter-pretable and complementary outcome for longitudinal comparison across age groups [17].”
The Vanishing White Matter registry: a unique source of natural history dataPreprint
Postema, M. C., van Voorst, R. J., Hamilton, E. M. C., Schoenmakers, D. H., Stellingwerff, M. D., Steenweg, M. E., Verbeek, R. J., & van der Knaap, M. S. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.21.26363197
Flynn, G., Cheung, P. S., Moula, Z., Fancourt, D. E., Edwards, R. T., & Karkou, V. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10723976/v1
Cochlear Implantation and Quality of Life in Deafness
(2012) · SpringerReference · doi:10.1007/springerreference_73555
Metadata
- Authors
- Furlong, W. J., Feeny, D. H., Torrance, G. W., & Barr, R. D.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Furlong, William J
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 375-384
- ISSN
- 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2060
- OpenAlex
- W2015583354
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 8.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- MacSphere (McMaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Keywords
- Health Utilities Index, Health Utilities Index Mark 3, health-related quality of life, health status measurement, utility scores, multi-attribute utility function, cost-utility analysis, reference values, clinical trials
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Quality of Life, Reference Standards, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
