The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Spatial Acuity of the Body Surface over the Life Span
Abstract
Spatial acuity over 13 regions of the body was assessed cross-sectionally in 122 male and female subjects between 8 and 87 years of age. Of two measures, the primary one was a threshold for detecting a gap between two points (a refinement of the conventional two-point threshold). The secondary one was a threshold of point localization in 7 of these 13 body regions. The two measures yielded similar pictures of body acuity and age-related changes in acuity, and they agreed in essentials with an early acuity map dating back to Weber in 1835, as cited and confirmed experimentally by Weinstein (1968). To this acuity map, the present study added the dimension of age. The main finding was that aging is much harder on some body regions than on others. Declining acuity with age was found to characterize all regions to one degree or another, but the hands and feet turned out to be far more vulnerable than the more central regions, including the very acute lip and tongue. Deterioration of acuity in the great toe (averaging 400% between youth and advanced age) and fingertip (averaging 130%) may adversely affect such diverse activities as braille reading, grasping, and maintaining balance. The acuity map determined by gap discrimination was essentially the same for males and females; however, males gave significantly smaller localization thresholds than females. In two body regions tested (fingertip and upper lip), children significantly outperformed young adults at gap discrimination.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Johansson, R. S., & Westling, G. (1987) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00236210 · Cited by 865
Tactile acuity, aging, and braille reading in long-term blindness.
Stevens, J. C., Foulke, E., & Patterson, M. Q. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.2.2.91 · Cited by 147
Self-citationTaste sensitivity and aging: High incidence of decline revealed by repeated threshold measures
Stevens, J. C., Cruz, L. A., Hoffman, J. M., & Patterson, M. Q. (1995) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/20.4.451 · Cited by 135
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 41
- 10.2466/PMS.12.3.283-288 · DOI
- Bloom S., 1984, Br. Med. J, 288, 1793, 10.1136/bmj.288.6433.1793 · DOI · Paper page
- Bolton C. F., 1965, Neurology, 16, 1, 10.1212/WNL.16.1.1 · DOI · Paper page
- Boring E. G, 1942, Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology
- 10.1037/0096-1523.17.2.382 · DOI
- Cauna N, 1965, Advances in Biology of Skin, 6, 63
- 10.1080/00222895.1991.9942036 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941671 · DOI
- Edin B. B., 1992, J. Physiol, 450, 547, 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019142 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00006534-197701000-00010 · doi:10.1097/00006534-197701000-00010
- 10.1007/BF00230048 · DOI
- Gould W. R., 1979, Sensory Functions of the Skin of Humans, 63, 10.1007/978-1-4613-3039-4_5 · DOI
- Henningsen H., 1995, Exp. Brain Res, 105, 312
- 10.1007/BF00237997 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF00247522 · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson K. O., 1992, Ann. Rev. Neurosci, 15, 227, 10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.001303 · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson K. O., 1981, J. Neurophysiol, 46, 1177, 10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1177 · DOI · Paper page
- Johnson K. O., 1994, Progress in Pain Research and Management, 3, 389
- Jones M. B., 1973, Am. J. Psychol, 86, 49, 10.2307/1421847 · DOI
- Jones M. B., 1973, Percept. Mot. Skills, 36, 563, 10.2466/pms.1973.36.2.563 · DOI
- 10.1093/geronj/41.6.732 · DOI · Paper page
- Lord S. R., 1991, J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci, 46, 69, 10.1093/geronj/46.3.M69 · DOI · Paper page
- Louis D. S., 1984, J. Hand Surg, 9, 552, 10.1016/S0363-5023(84)80109-4 · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(84)80109-4
- 10.1093/brain/60.4.389 · DOI · Paper page
- Rabin M. D., 1986, Percept. Psychophys, 39, 281, 10.3758/BF03204936 · DOI
- Schneider S. L., 1986, Percept. Psychophys, 40, 290, 10.3758/BF03203020 · DOI
- 10.1159/000244784 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2337/diacare.17.12.1411 · DOI · Paper page
- Simpson W. A, 1989, Percept. Psychophys, 45, 572, 10.3758/BF03208065 · DOI
- Stevens J. C, 1992, J. Gerontol.: Psychol. Sci, 47, 35, 10.1093/geronj/47.1.P35 · DOI
- Stevens J. C., 1996, Somatosens. Mot. Res, 13, 1, 10.3109/08990229609028907 · DOI
- 10.3758/BF03205264 · DOI
- 10.3109/08990229509063140 · DOI
- 10.1212/WNL.44.12.2361 · DOI · Paper page
- Vierck C. J., 1969, Science, 163, 488, 10.1126/science.163.3866.488 · DOI
- Weber E. H, 1834, De Tactu
- Weber E. H, 1846, Der Tastsinn und das Gemeingefühl
- Weber E. H, 1978, The sense of touch [English translations of De Tactu and Der Tastsinn]
- Weinstein S, 1968, The Skin Senses, 195
- 10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00689.x · DOI · Paper page
- Woodward K. L, 1993, Mot. Res, 10, 63
Cited by
Tactile Displays: Guidance for Their Design and Application
Jones, L. A., & Sarter, N. B. (2008) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872008x250638 · Cited by 561
Vibrotactile Display: Perception, Technology, and Applications
Choi, S., & Kuchenbecker, K. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2012.2221071 · Cited by 496
Tactile innervation densities across the whole body
Corniani, G., & Saal, H. P. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00313.2020 · Cited by 396
Temperature sensitivity of the body surface over the life span
C. STEVENS KENNETH K. CHOO, J. (1998) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.1080/08990229870925 · Cited by 361
Age-related differences in foot structure and function
Scott, G., Menz, H. B., & Newcombe, L. (2007) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.009 · Cited by 349
Metadata
- Authors
- Stevens, J. C., & Choo, K. K.
- Venue
- Somatosensory & Motor Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-166
- ISSN
- 0899-0220 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1651
- OpenAlex
- W2103423395
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spatial Acuity of the Body Surface over the Life Span. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3109/08990229609051403
- The paper
- Stevens, J. C., & Choo, K. K. (1996). Spatial Acuity of the Body Surface over the Life Span. Somatosensory & Motor Research. https://doi.org/10.3109/08990229609051403
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.