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The Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System in Gram-Positive Bacteria: Properties, Mechanism, and Regulation
Abstract
This review consists of three major sections. The first and largest section reviews the protein constituents and known properties of the phosphotransferase systems present in well-studied Gram-positive bacteria. These bacteria include species of the following genera: (1) Staphylococcus, (2) Streptococcus, (3) Bacillus, (4) Lactobacillus, (5) Clostridium, (6) Arthrobacter, and (7) Brochothrix. The properties of the different systems are compared. The second major section deals with the regulation of carbohydrate uptake. There are four parts: (1) inhibition by intracellular sugar phosphates in Staphylococcus aureus, (2) PTS-mediated regulation of glycerol uptake in Bacillus subtilis, (3) competition for phospho-HPr in Streptococcus mutans, and (4) the possible involvement of protein kinases in the regulation of sugar uptake via the phosphotransferase system. The third section deals with the phenomenon of inducer expulsion. The first part is concerned with the physiological characterization of the phenomenon; then the consequences of unregulated uptake and expulsion, a futile cycle of energy expenditure, are considered. Finally, the biochemistry of the protein kinase and the protein phosphate phosphatase system, which appears to regulate sugar transport via the phosphotransferase system, is defined. The review, therefore, concentrates on the phosphotransferase system, its functions in carbohydrate transport and phosphorylation, the mechanisms of its regulation, and the mechanism by which it participates in the regulation of other physiological processes in the bacterial cell.
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Cited by
Transport of Sugars, Including Sucrose, by the msm Transport System of Streptococcus mutans
Tao, L., Sutcliffe, I. C., Russell, R. R. B., & Ferretti, J. J. (1993) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345930720100701 · Cited by 69
Inoculated ecosystems in a milk environment
Marshall, V. M. (1992) · Journal of Applied Bacteriology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb03632.x · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Reizer, J., Saier, M. H., Deutscher, J., Grenier, F., Thompson, J., Hengstenberg, W., & Dills, S. S.
- Venue
- CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 297-338
- ISSN
- 0045-6454 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987530419
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 10.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System in Gram-Positive Bacteria: Properties, Mechanism, and Regulation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3109/10408418809104461
- The paper
- Reizer, J., Saier, M. H., Deutscher, J., Grenier, F., Thompson, J., Hengstenberg, W., & Dills, S. S. (1988). The Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System in Gram-Positive Bacteria: Properties, Mechanism, and Regulation. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408418809104461
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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