Cited by 161Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGut microbiota and healthTryptophan and brain disorders

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Urinary p-cresol is elevated in small children with severe autism spectrum disorder

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Altieri, Laura, Neri, Cristina, Sacco, Roberto, Curatolo, Paolo, Benvenuto, Arianna, Muratori, Filippo, Santocchi, Elisa, Bravaccio, Carmela, Lenti, Carlo, Saccani, Monica, Rigardetto, Roberto, Gandione, Marina, Urbani, Andrea, Persico, Antonio M.·2011·Biomarkers

DOI 10.3109/1354750x.2010.548010

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Abstract

Several studies have described in autistic patients an overgrowth of unusual gut bacterial strains, able to push the fermentation of tyrosine up to the formation of p-cresol. We compared levels of urinary p-cresol, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, in 59 matched case-control pairs. Urinary p-cresol was significantly elevated in autistic children smaller than 8 years of age (p < 0.01), typically females (p < 0.05), and more severely affected regardless of sex (p < 0.05). Urinary cotinine measurements excluded smoking-related hydrocarbon contaminations as contributors to these differences. Hence, elevated urinary p-cresol may serve as a biomarker of autism liability in small children, especially females and more severely affected males.

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Authors: Altieri, L., Neri, C., Sacco, R., Curatolo, P., Benvenuto, A., Muratori, F., Santocchi, E., Bravaccio, C., Lenti, C., Saccani, M., Rigardetto, R., Gandione, M., Urbani, A., & Persico, A. M.
Affiliations: Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
University of Pisa (IT)
Federico II University Hospital (IT)
University of Milan (IT)
University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author: Persico, Antonio M.
ORCID: Sacco, Roberto
Curatolo, Paolo
Benvenuto, Arianna
Muratori, Filippo
Santocchi, Elisa
Bravaccio, Carmela
Saccani, Monica
Urbani, Andrea
Persico, Antonio M.
Venue: Biomarkers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2011-02-18
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 252-260
ISSN: 1354-750X (ISSN-L)
1366-5804
DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.548010
OpenAlex: W2002852362
Cited by: 161
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 3.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Biomarkers (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: p-cresol, autism spectrum disorder, urinary biomarkers, gut microbiota, autism severity, sex differences, young children
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cotinine, Cresols, Female, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Biomarkers, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Urinary p-cresol is elevated in small children with severe autism spectrum disorder

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