Depressive symptoms and social demographic, stress and health risk behaviour among university students in 26 low-, middle- and high-income countries
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association between depressive symptoms, sociodemographic, social and health risk variables among undergraduate students in 26 low, middle and high income countries. METHOD: Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 20222 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.8, SD = 2.8) from 27 universities in 26 countries in Africa, Asia, Caribbean and Latin America. RESULTS: Overall study participants had a prevalence of 24.0 % moderate and 12.8 % severe depressive symptoms. In multivariate logistic regression, demographic and social variables (being female gender, low organised religious activity, lack of social support and lack of personal control), stressful or traumatic life events (sexual violence and physical child abuse) and health risk behaviour (tobacco use, insufficient brushing of teeth, irregular sleep duration, increased salt intake, infrequent meals a day, heavy internet use and having sustained an injury) were associated with severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: High rates of depressive symptoms were found. Several risk factors including social and health risk behaviour variables were identified which can be utilised in guiding interventions.
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The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms in this sample is consistent with prior studies on college students in low- and middle-income countries, including India.
“which is consistent with prior studies on college students in low- and middle-income countries, including India.30–32”
From Mental Health, Suicidality, Health, and Social Indicators Among College Students Across Nine States in India (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S.
- Affiliations
- Human Sciences Research Council (ZA)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Peltzer, Karl
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-09-23
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 259-265
- ISSN
- 1365-1501 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-1788
- OpenAlex
- W2122500657
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, university students, prevalence, sociodemographic factors, social support, religious activities, personal control, life events, sexual violence, child abuse, health risk behaviors, tobacco use, sleep duration, salt intake, internet use, injuries, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Asia, Depression, Female, Humans, Latin America, Male, Risk Factors, Students, Universities, Global Health, Prevalence, Caribbean Region, Young Adult
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