Impact of physician-pharmacist collaboration on diabetes outcomes and health care use.
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of physician–pharmacist collaboration for disease-state management on diabetes outcomes in primary care by comparing outcomes between physician-managed care and pharmacist collaborative care. Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted at Ascension Medical Group Via Christi, P.A. from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2018. Health outcomes were analyzed in 385 patients with diabetes mellitus collaboratively managed by a physician and pharmacist (collaborative care group). Similar patients managed by physician only (usual care group) were matched to the collaborative care group using nearest neighbor matching. The primary outcome compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change between collaborative care and usual care groups at 12 months. Results: The mean change in HbA1c decreased by 1.75% in the collaborative care group and 0.16% in the usual care group (P < .0001). The usual care group had a larger number of patients with HbA1c less than 8% at follow-up (P = .0049). Additional outcomes included decrease in total cholesterol (P = .0023), triglycerides (P = .0016), and an increase in PPSV23 pneumococcal vaccinations (P = .0255) in the collaborative care group. The usual care group had an increase in PCV13 pneumococcal vaccinations (P = .0075). Both emergency department visits (P = .0162) and hospitalizations (P = .0225) decreased significantly in the collaborative care group, estimating total savings of $633,015. Conclusions: The collaboration of pharmacists and physicians in the primary care setting is associated with improved diabetes outcomes and substantially reduces costs related to decreased health care use.
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The present study's results aligned with previous studies that found short-term (<12 months) improvement in HbA1c with clinical pharmacists providing medication management services in similar settings.
“Our results aligned with those of previous studies52,53 that found short-term (<12 months) improvement in HbA1c with clinical pharmacists providing medication management services in similar settings.”
From Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Results report a significantly larger HbA1c reduction with pharmacist collaborative care than with usual care, and the Discussion describes the pharmacists’ medication management in a primary care setting. However, the paper describes its primary HbA1c comparison as occurring at 12 months, not at less than 12 months, so the cited study does not establish the claim’s specific short-term timeframe. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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“8 McCarthy and Van documented comparably impressive findings in a Federally Qualified Health Center environment, where pharmacists possessing prescriptive authority attained statistically significant improvements including a 2.1% A1c decrease for type 2 diabetes patients.”
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“61 In diabetes management, Norton et al demonstrated that hemoglobin A1c decreased by 1.75% in collaborative pharmacist-physician care compared to only 0.16% in usual care, 62 and McCarthy and Bateman reported a 2.1% reduction in A1c among patients managed by pharmacists with prescriptive authority.”
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“Observational evidence reinforces the value of collaborative physician-pharmacist models, with one cohort study reporting a 1.75% HbA1c reduction at 12 months versus 0.16% in usual care, alongside fewer emergency department visits, reduced hospitalizations, and healthcare cost savings [45].”
Influential
- Authors
- Norton, M. C., Haftman, M. E., & Buzzard, L. N.
- Affiliations
- Ascension Via Christi (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 745-753
- ISSN
- 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-7118
- OpenAlex
- W3089001714
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- physician-pharmacist collaboration, diabetes mellitus, collaborative care, pharmacist-managed care, HbA1c, glycemic control, primary care, health care utilization, hospitalization, emergency department visits, pneumococcal vaccination, cost reduction, disease state management
- MeSH terms
- Cooperative Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pharmacists, Physicians, Primary Health Care, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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