US Pharmacists' Effect as Team Members on Patient Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Abstract
BACKGROUND: One approach postulated to improve the provision of health care is effective utilization of team-based care including pharmacists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review with focused meta-analyses to examine the effects of pharmacist-provided direct patient care on therapeutic, safety, and humanistic outcomes. METHODS: The following databases were searched from inception to January 2009: NLM PubMed; Ovid/MEDLINE; ABI/INFORM; Health Business Fulltext Elite; Academic Search Complete; International Pharmaceutical Abstracts; PsycINFO; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; National Guideline Clearinghouse; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; ClinicalTrials.gov; LexisNexis Academic Universe; and Google Scholar. Studies selected included those reporting pharmacist-provided care, comparison groups, and patient-related outcomes. Of these, 56,573 citations were considered. Data were extracted by multidisciplinary study review teams. Variables examined included study characteristics, pharmacists' interventions/services, patient characteristics, and study outcomes. Data for meta-analyses were extracted from randomized controlled trials meeting meta-analysis criteria. RESULTS: A total of 298 studies were included. Favorable results were found in therapeutic and safety outcomes, and meta-analyses conducted for hemoglobin A1c, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and adverse drug events were significant (P < 0.05), favoring pharmacists' direct patient care over comparative services. Results for humanistic outcomes were favorable with variability. Medication adherence, patient knowledge, and quality of life-general health meta-analyses were significant (P < 0.05), favoring pharmacists' direct patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-provided direct patient care has favorable effects across various patient outcomes, health care settings, and disease states. Incorporating pharmacists as health care team members in direct patient care is a viable solution to help improve US health care.
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Existing evidence from systematic reviews suggests that MTM-like practices reduce medication-related problems, improve adherence, and achieve better clinical outcomes.
“Existing evidence from systematic reviews suggests that such practices reduce medication-related problems, improve adherence, and achieve better clinical outcomes [24].”
From From “retailers” to health care providers: Transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Chisholm-Burns, M. A., Kim Lee, J., Spivey, C. A., Slack, M., Herrier, R. N., Hall-Lipsy, E., Graff Zivin, J., Abraham, I., Palmer, J., Martin, J. R., Kramer, S. S., & Wunz, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spivey, Christina A.
- Slack, Marion
- Herrier, Richard N.
- Abraham, Ivo
- Wunz, Timothy
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medical Care
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 923-933
- ISSN
- 0025-7079 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121927413
- Cited by
- 809
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 8.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Keywords
- team-based care, pharmacist intervention, treatment outcomes, drug safety, adverse drug reactions, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, medication adherence, patient knowledge, quality of life, humanistic outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Assessment of Medication Adherence, Community Pharmacy Services, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Care Team, Patient Education as Topic, Pharmacists, Professional-Patient Relations, United States, Drug Monitoring, Patient-Centered Care, Professional Role, Medication Adherence
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