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PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews
Open accessAbstract
The methods and results of systematic reviews should be reported in sufficient detail to allow users to assess the trustworthiness and applicability of the review findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was developed to facilitate transparent and complete reporting of systematic reviews and has been updated (to PRISMA 2020) to reflect recent advances in systematic review methodology and terminology. Here, we present the explanation and elaboration paper for PRISMA 2020, where we explain why reporting of each item is recommended, present bullet points that detail the reporting recommendations, and present exemplars from published reviews. We hope that changes to the content and structure of PRISMA 2020 will facilitate uptake of the guideline and lead to more transparent, complete and accurate reporting of systematic reviews.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., Stewart, L., Thomas, J., Tricco, A., Welch, V. A., Whiting, P., & McKenzie, J.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Monash University (AU)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Inserm (FR)
- Bond University (AU)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Page, Matthew James
- ORCID
- Page, Matthew James
- Moher, David
- Bossuyt, Patrick
- Boutron, Isabelle
- Hoffmann, Tammy
- Shamseer, Larissa
- Tetzlaff, Jennifer
- Akl, Elie
- Brennan, Sue E
- Chou, Roger
- Glanville, Julie
- Grimshaw, Jeremy
- Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn
- Lalu, Manoj Mathew
- Li, Tianjing
- Loder, Elizabeth
- Mayo-Wilson, Evan
- McDonald, Steve
- McGuinness, Luke A
- Stewart, Lesley
- Thomas, James
- Tricco, Andrea
- Welch, Vivian Andrea
- Whiting, Penny
- McKenzie, Joanne
- Publisher
- Center for Open Science
- Published
- 2020-09-14
- OpenAlex
- W4241980133
- Cited by
- 916
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 276 · 2023: 265 · 2022: 194 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 5
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- MetArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MetArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- PRISMA 2020, systematic review reporting, reporting guidelines, transparency, reporting items, exemplars, meta-analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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