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Cited by 26Telemedicine and Telehealth ImplementationHealthcare Systems and TechnologyPrimary Care and Health Outcomes

Telemedicine Implementation for Safety Net Populations: A Systematic Review

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Tierney, Aaron A., Mosqueda, Mariana, Cesena, Gabriel, Frehn, Jennifer L., Payán, Denise D., Rodriguez, Hector P.·2024·Telemedicine and e-Health
DOI 10.1089/tmj.2023.0260PMC PMC10924064
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Abstract

Background:Telemedicine systems were rapidly implemented in response to COVID-19. However, little is known about their effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability for safety net populations. This study systematically reviewed primary care telemedicine implementation and effectiveness in safety net settings. Methods:We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed articles on telemedicine implementation from 2013 to 2021. The search was done between June and December 2021. Included articles focused on health care organizations that primarily serve low-income and/or rural populations in the United States. We screened 244 articles from an initial search of 343 articles and extracted and analyzed data from N = 45 articles. Results:Nine (20%) of 45 articles were randomized controlled trials. N = 22 reported findings for at least one marginalized group (i.e., racial/ethnic minority, 65 years+, limited English proficiency). Only n = 19 (42%) included African American/Black patients in demographics descriptions, n = 14 (31%) LatinX/Hispanic patients, n = 4 (9%) Asian patients, n = 4 (9%) patients aged 65+ years, and n = 4 (9%) patients with limited English proficiency. Results show telemedicine can provide high-quality primary care that is more accessible and affordable. Fifteen studies assessed barriers and facilitators to telemedicine implementation. Common barriers were billing/administrative workflow disruption (n = 9, 20%), broadband access/quality (n = 5, 11%), and patient preference for in-person care (n = 4, 9%). Facilitators included efficiency gains (n = 6, 13%), patient acceptance (n = 3, 7%), and enhanced access (n = 3, 7%). Conclusions:Telemedicine is an acceptable care modality to deliver primary care in safety net settings. Future studies should compare telemedicine and in-person care quality and test strategies to improve telemedicine implementation in safety net settings.

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  • Systematic reviews have consistently shown that virtual care and remote symptom monitoring can improve access, patient satisfaction, symptom management, and continuity of care, particularly for rural and underserved populations.

    “Systematic reviews have consistently shown that virtual care and remote symptom monitoring can improve access, patient satisfaction, symptom management, and continuity of care, particularly for rural and underserved populations”

    From A Scoping Review of Implemented Innovations in Cancer Care: Implications for Pan-Canadian Scaling (2026) · cites this paper as [36]

    The Conclusion and Patient and Clinician Satisfaction sections report that telemedicine may improve access for rural and safety-net patients and is generally acceptable to patients. The review also reports some improved clinical outcomes, but its findings are mixed, including lower satisfaction among some older rural patients. The cited passages do not establish benefits from remote symptom monitoring or a general improvement in continuity of care, so “consistently shown” overstates this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tierney, A. A., Mosqueda, M., Cesena, G., Frehn, J. L., Payán, D. D., & Rodriguez, H. P.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Corresponding author
Tierney, Aaron A.
ORCID
Venue
Telemedicine and e-Health
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2024-03-01
Volume
30
Issue
3
Pages
622-641
ISSN
  • 1530-5627 (ISSN-L)
  • 1556-3669
DOI
10.1089/tmj.2023.0260
PMC
PMC10924064
OpenAlex
W4386740645
Cited by
26
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Telemedicine Journal and e-Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society
  • Banatao Institute
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32HS022241)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Healthcare Systems and Technology
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Keywords
telemedicine, safety net health care, primary care, implementation barriers and facilitators, low-income populations, rural population, racial and ethnic minorities, older adults, limited English proficiency, COVID-19 pandemic, broadband access, patient acceptance, health equity
MeSH terms
Ethnicity, Humans, Minority Groups, Poverty, United States, Telemedicine, Safety-net Providers

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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