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Cited by 200

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Processed and Ultra-processed Food Products: Consumption Trends in Canada from 1938 to 2011

Moubarac, Jean-Claude, Batal, Malek, Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto, Claro, Rafael, Levy, Renata Bertazzi, Cannon, Geoffrey, Monteiro, Carlos·2014·Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
DOI 10.3148/75.1.2014.15
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Abstract

Purpose: A classification of foods based on the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial food processing was used to assess changes in household food expenditures and dietary energy availability between 1938 and 2011 in Canada. Methods: Food acquisitions from six household food budget surveys (1938/1939 , 1953, 1969, 1984, 2001, and 2011) were classified into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, and ready-to-consume processed or ultra-processed products. Contributions of each group to household food expenditures, and to dietary energy availability (kcal per capita) were calculated. Results: During the period studied, household expenditures and dietary energy availability fell for both unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients, and rose for ready-to-consume products. The caloric share of foods fell from 34.3% to 25.6% and from 37% to 12.7% for culinary ingredients. The share of ready-to-consume products rose from 28.7% to 61.7%, and the increase was especially noteworthy for those that were ultra-processed. Conclusions: The most important factor that has driven changes in Canadian dietary patterns between 1938 and 2011 is the replacement of unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients used in the preparation of dishes and meals; these have been displaced by ready-to-consume ultra-processed products. Nutrition research and practice should incorporate information about food processing into dietary assessments.

Overview

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Registry

Crossref · 10.3148/75.1.2014.15

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

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This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The energy contribution of UPFs to total household food purchases increased in Spain, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, China, South Korea, the USA, and the UK over recent decades.

    “The energy contribution of UPFs to total household food purchases nearly tripled in Spain 39 over three decades (11•0% to 31•7%), more than doubled in Canada 40 over eight decades (24•4% to 54•9%), and increased from 10% to 23% in Mexico 41 and Brazil 42 over four decades (figure 1).”

    From Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [40]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Swinburn BA, 2011, Lancet., 378, 804, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Monteiro C, 2011, Public Health Nutr., 14, 5, 10.1017/S1368980010003241 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Moubarac J-C, 2013, Public Health Nutr., 16, 2240, 10.1017/S1368980012005009 · DOI
  4. Ludwig DS., 2011, JAMA., 305, 1352, 10.1001/jama.2011.380 · DOI
  5. Asfaw A, 2011, Health Econ., 20, 184, 10.1002/hec.1579 · DOI
  6. Monteiro C, 2010, Cad Saude Publica., 26, 2039, 10.1590/S0102-311X2010001100005 · DOI · Paper page

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Metadata

Authors
Moubarac, J.-C., Batal, M., Martins, A. P. B., Claro, R., Levy, R. B., Cannon, G., & Monteiro, C.
Affiliations
  • PhD, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • PhD, Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC
  • PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Venue
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Publisher
Dietitians of Canada
Published
2014-03
Volume
75
Issue
1
Pages
15-21
ISSN
  • 1486-3847
  • 2292-9592
DOI
10.3148/75.1.2014.15
Cited by
200
References
4
Language
en

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