Experience of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Project in a Community Set Up-An Indian Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Initial introduction of HPV vaccination from 2006 to 2008 was largely confined to high-income countries (HIC), such as Australia, the United States, and Europe, where cervical cancer incidence is lowest. Much of the post-introduction literature has come from HICs, with a focus on coverage levels achieved, provider acceptability and early impact of vaccination on disease endpoints. However, there are a few literature evaluating the mechanics of delivery, feasibility of the health system and acceptability from low and middle income countries (LMICs). The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and safety of two dose HPV vaccination in adolescent girls between 9-14 years. METHODS: After an orientation camp followed by filling up of prevaccine questionnaires by parents on HPV related diseases and its vaccines and informed consent, girls between9-14years were vaccinated. They were asked to report any side effects in the next 24 hours after each dose. Parents were contacted on Day 7 and Day 30 to enquire about any side effects . Total 3 visits were required i.e two for the vaccination and one visit at 7th month post completion of second dose. To estimate the acceptability, successful completion of two doses by at least 80% of the girls were measured. For measurement of acceptability, either of the parents were recalled along with their daughter at 7th month and were asked to fill up a pre-set questionnaire. RESULTS: After institutional ethical clearance, 555 girls were recruited in the study from rural parts of West Bengal, India between July, 2017 to November, 2017. Out of which, 544 girls (98%) received their 2nd dose between January, 2018 and May, 2018 without any serious adverse effects. No serious adverse effect was reported on follow up till December, 2019. CONCLUSION: The introduction of HPV vaccination is feasible in large scale and the vaccine is well accepted and safe. .
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Including local stakeholders in devising HPV vaccination interventions will be critical for program success in Indian communities.
“Including local stakeholders in devising HPV vaccination interventions will be critical for program success in Indian communities [71].”
From Acceptability of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention amongst emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India: a mixed-methods study (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
The Materials and Methods section (page unavailable) says the team consulted local stakeholders before developing its questionnaire and that local organizers played a key role in encouraging the community. The Discussion (page unavailable) says established local networks made recruitment easier. These observations support involving stakeholders, but the paper does not establish that including them in devising vaccination interventions is critical for program success across Indian communities. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent developments include the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac.
“At the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access, although there were recent developments such as the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac11,17,21.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion (page not supplied) anticipates an affordable Indian HPV vaccine, but says it was still undergoing a Phase III clinical trial. It does not name Cervavac or report the introduction of a low-cost vaccine, so it supports the affordability prospect but not the claimed development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAt the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access.
“At the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access, although there were recent developments such as the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac11,17,21.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says vaccine cost raises affordability concerns in India and recommends inclusion in the national immunisation programme, noting that states could fund distribution until then. It does not establish that limited public funding itself restricted access. Its discussion of national integration is also specific to India, not national programmes generally. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEducation-led interventions increase intent to vaccinate, but hesitancy remains.
“Although awareness using education-led interventions showed promise in increasing intent to vaccinate, there existed a hesitancy13,32,33.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
The Discussion reports increased vaccine acceptance after parents received educational factsheets and concludes that awareness and education can help community implementation. The Methods note that five girls refused a second dose, but the paper did not measure how many parents initially refused and did not establish that hesitancy persisted after education. It also did not measure a change in intent to vaccinate in its own project. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Cites
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Coursey, K., Muralidhar, K., Srinivas, V., Jaykrishna, P., Begum, F., Ningaiah, N., Lee, S.-J., & Madhivanan, P. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19485-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Including local stakeholders in devising HPV vaccination interventions will be critical for program success in Indian communities [71].”
BackgroundBarriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review
Josten, K., Rose Dhar, R., Reshmi, B., Natti Krishna, V., & Vennila, J. (2026) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.25259/ijmr_1834_2025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Although awareness using education-led interventions showed promise in increasing intent to vaccinate, there existed a hesitancy 13,32,33 .”
- Authors
- Mandal, R., Banerjee, D., Gupta, K., Chatterjee, P., Vernekar, M., & Ray, C.
- Affiliations
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (IN)
- Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Banerjee, Dipanwita
- Venue
- Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
- Publisher
- EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd
- Published
- 2021-03-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 699-704
- ISSN
- 1513-7368 (ISSN-L)
- 2476-762X
- PMC
- PMC8286678
- OpenAlex
- W3143426740
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- HPV vaccination, HPV vaccine, adolescent girls, vaccine safety, vaccine acceptance, cervical cancer prevention, rural West Bengal, low- and middle-income countries
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Child, Delivery of Health Care, Developing Countries, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, India, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Immunization Programs, Papillomavirus Infections, Papillomavirus Vaccines
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