Fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E, and β-carotene) contents from a Portuguese autochthonous cow breed—Minhota
Open accessAbstract
In Portugal, commercial milk is obtained almost entirely from cows of the Holstein breed. However, other breeds may also show dairy aptitude, and produce milk of good quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the breed factor in the vitamin contents of milks from Holstein and the autochthonous Portuguese breed Minhota, as well as possible variations due to season. Milk samples were collected from 15 cows of each breed. Milk from Minhota cows showed higher contents of retinol, retinyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene. No differences were verified between breeds regarding vitamin D(3) content, but Holstein cows presented higher amounts of provitamin D(3). Seasonal variations were not observed for milk samples from Holsteins, and only a very small variation was observed for milk samples from Minhota cows, mainly in retinol, α-tocopherol, and provitamin D(3) levels. This study revealed that breed has a pronounced effect on milk fat-soluble vitamins, which is an important observation regarding future genetic selection plans. Also, the increased vitamin amounts found in milk from Minhota cows can be regarded as an important nutritional parameter that can potentiate the economical value of this breed.
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The higher the fat content in milk, the higher the retinol content.
“The higher the fat content in the milk, the higher the retinol content [49,50,51,52,53,54].”
From Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
The ‘Breed Influence on Milk Vitamin Composition’ section reports retinol concentrations per gram of fat for two cow breeds, but does not relate retinol content to the amount of fat in their milk. Searches for milk-fat content and a fat–retinol correlation found no passage establishing the claimed relationship. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Ramalho, H. M. M., Santos, J., Casal, S., Alves, M. R., & Oliveira, M. B. P. P.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Oliveira, M.B.P.P.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5476-5484
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035542609
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Programa Operacional do Potencial Humano-Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Keywords
- fat-soluble vitamins, milk, Holstein cows, retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D3, breed effects, seasonal variation, genetic selection
- MeSH terms
- Retinyl Esters, Animals, Breeding, Cattle, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Diterpenes, Female, Milk, Portugal, Seasons, Species Specificity, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, beta Carotene, alpha-Tocopherol
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