Passage kinetics of 13C-labeled corn silage components through the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows
Open accessAbstract
Fractional passage rates form a fundamental element within modern feed evaluation systems for ruminants but knowledge on feed type and feed component specific passage rates are largely lacking. This study describes the use of carbon stable isotopes ((13)C) to assess component-specific passage kinetics of 6 intrinsically (13)C-labeled corn silages varying in quality (2 cultivars×3 maturity stages) in a 6×6 Latin square design using 6 rumen-fistulated lactating dairy cows. An increase in maturity increased starch and decreased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of corn silages. Passage kinetics were assessed for an external (chromium mordanted fiber; Cr-NDF) and an internal marker ((13)C isotopes) collected in feces and omasal digesta. The best fit was obtained with a deterministic multicompartmental model compared with stochastic Gn and GnG1 models with increasing order of age dependency (n=1 to 5) for both sampling sites. The Cr-NDF marker yielded higher rumen fractional passage rates (K1) than did (13)C in the dry matter ((13)CDM) in feces (0.042/h vs. 0.023/h). Omasal marker excretion patterns support the conclusions based on conventional fecal marker excretions. Component-specific passage was assessed for acid detergent fiber ((13)CADF) in feces and for starch ((13)CST) in omasal digesta. The fractional passage rate based on fecal (13)CDM and (13)CADF did not differ. Omasal (13)CST provided higher K1 values (0.042/h) than omasal (13)CDM (0.034/h) but lower values than omasal Cr-NDF (0.051/h). Fractional passage rates from the proximal colon-cecum (K2) based on fecal marker concentrations showed trends similar to K1, with Cr-NDF providing a value (0.425/h) more than twice as high as that of (13)CDM (0.179/h) and (13)CADF (0.128/h). Total mean retention time in the gastrointestinal tract was approximately double for (13)CDM (64.1h) and (13)CADF (77.6h) compared with Cr-NDF (36.4h). Corn silage quality did not affect any of the estimated passage kinetic parameters. In situ fractional degradation rates did not differ among corn silages, except for a decreased fractional degradation rate of starch with advancing maturity. Results indicate that isotope labeling allows assessment of component-specific passage kinetics of carbohydrate fractions in corn silage.
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Upon further increase in DM content beyond 350 g/kg, milk and protein yield declined in most studies, with significant differences observed at DM 380 g/kg and 450 g/kg.
“Upon a further increase in DM content (beyond 350 g kg -1 ), the milk and protein yield declined in most studies, with significant differences observed at a DM content of 380 g kg -1 2 and 450 g kg -1 .19”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
The Animals section reports that milk yield tended to be higher with the most mature corn silage, while milk protein yield did not change with maturity. The Animals and Diet section gives late-harvest targets of 380–400 g/kg DM, not 450 g/kg; this study therefore does not show a significant decline at 450 g/kg. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVariation in maturity at ensiling affects silage DMI, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.
“affecting silage DMI, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.16 -21”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
The Animals section reports that corn maturity significantly affected DMI and milk fat proportion. Milk yield only tended to increase (P = 0.087), milk protein was unaffected, and the reported DMI was for the total diet rather than silage specifically. Thus the source supports parts of the claim but not all of it as stated; page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDMI generally decreases with increasing moisture content of the forages.
“Moreover, the DMI generally decreases with increasing moisture content of the forages.19,85,89”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
Table 1 shows that dry-matter content increased—and thus moisture decreased—as the corn silages matured. The Animals section reports higher DMI from early to late harvest, consistent with the claimed direction. But the study concerns two corn-silage cultivars, not forages generally, and Animal Performance suggests increased dietary starch as an explanation rather than establishing a moisture effect. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA number of studies have shown that increasing maturity of silage maize at harvest has a major effect on DMI, milk yield and milk protein content of dairy cows.
“A number of studies have shown that an increasing maturity of silage maize at harvest has a major effect on the DMI, 9,19,85,88,94 milk yield and milk protein content of dairy cows.6,20,35,87,88”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
The Animals section reports that dry matter intake increased with advancing corn-silage maturity, while milk yield only tended to increase. It explicitly says milk protein was not affected, so the claimed effect on milk protein content is not supported. Page numbers are not provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality
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- Authors
- Warner, D., Dijkstra, J., Hendriks, W. H., & Pellikaan, W. F.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Warner, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 5844-5858
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121635608
- Semantic Scholar
- 7f3d08ad3b99459d040465deeb15afecba7e9f0d
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Product Board Animal Feed
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
- Keywords
- corn silage, dairy cattle, acid detergent fiber, starch, silage maturity, silage quality, fecal biomarkers, retention time, multi-compartment model, ruminant feed evaluation, lactating dairy cows, rumen-fistulated cows
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Carbon Isotopes, Cattle, Zea mays, Female, Gastrointestinal Transit, Silage, Gastrointestinal Tract
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