Effect of corn silage harvest maturity and concentrate type on milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows
Open accessAbstract
The variation in maturity at harvest during grain filling has a major effect on the carbohydrate composition (starch:NDF ratio) and fatty acid (FA) content of corn silages, and can alter the FA composition of milk fat in dairy cows. This study evaluated the effect of silage corn (cv. Atrium) harvested and ensiled at targeted DM contents of 300, 340, 380, and 420 g/kg of fresh weight and fed to dairy cows in combination with a highly degradable carbohydrate (HC) or low-degradable carbohydrate concentrate, on the nutrient intake, milk yield, and composition of milk and milk fat. Sixty-four multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in their first week of lactation were assigned to the 8 dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. The 8 dietary treatments consisted of a factorial combination of the 4 corn silages and the 2 concentrates. Corn silages were offered ad libitum as part of a basal forage mixture, whereas the concentrates were given at the rate of 8.5 kg of DM/cow per day during the 15-wk experimental period. Dry matter, crude protein, and energy intakes did not differ across the corn silages. However, the intake of starch increased, and those of NDF and C18:3n-3 decreased with increasing maturation. Milk yield and composition were not different across the corn silages. Yield (kg/d) of milk, protein, and lactose was higher for low-degradable carbohydrate compared with HC concentrate-fed groups. Increasing maturity of corn silages decreased the content of C18:3n-3 and total n-3 and increased the n-6:n-3 ratio in milk fat. Concentrate type significantly altered the composition of all trans FA, except C18:2 trans-9,12. Inclusion of the HC concentrate in the diets increased the contents of all C18:1 trans isomers, C18:2 cis-9,trans-11, and C18:2 trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat. Milk fat composition was strongly influenced by the stage of lactation (wk 3 to 10). The content of all even short- and medium-chain FA changed with lactation, except C8:0 and C10:0. The content of C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 and total saturated FA increased and the content of C18:0, C18:1 cis total, and total cis monounsaturated FA decreased with lactation. Maturity of the corn silages at harvest did not affect the production performance of dairy cows, but resulted in a decreased content of C18:3n-3, total n-3, and an increased n-6:n-3 ratio in the milk fat of dairy cows.
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The increase in milk protein content could be related to high starch and so high ME intakes.
“The increase in milk protein content could be related to high starch and so high ME intakes.4”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
The Nutrient Intake and Animal Performance section (page unavailable) reports that starch intake increased with corn-silage maturity, but net energy intake did not differ. It also reports no difference in milk composition between the corn silages, contrary to the claimed increase in milk protein content. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInclusion of maize silage in grass or grass silage-based diets of dairy cows increases feed intake, milk yield and milk protein content.
“the inclusion of maize silage in grass or grass silage-based diets of dairy cows increases feed intake, milk yield and milk protein content. 1 -6”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
The Introduction says that adding corn silage to grass- or grass silage-based diets can increase feed intake, milk yield, and milk protein content. The citing sentence states that it increases all three without that qualification. This study did not compare diets with and without corn silage; all treatment diets contained it. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHigher intake characteristics of maize silage can be attributed to lower NDF and higher starch or energy content, and to faster degradation in the rumen.
“The higher intake characteristics of maize silage can be attributed to lower NDF and higher starch or energy content, 2,4,39 and to a faster degradation in the rumen.4,11,86”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes corn silage as high in energy and starch and says its inclusion in grass-based diets can increase feed intake. Feed Composition (page unavailable) reports increasing starch and decreasing NDF across corn-silage harvests. The paper does not establish that corn silage degrades faster in the rumen or that faster degradation explains its intake characteristics; its discussion of highly degradable carbohydrates concerns concentrates. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncreased milk yield with replacement of grass silage with maize silage is primarily caused by the increase in ME intake.
“The increased milk yield with the replacement of grass silage with maize silage is primarily caused by the increase in ME intake.4,20,35,86”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says that adding corn silage to grass-silage-based diets can increase feed intake and milk yield. It does not say that increased metabolizable energy (ME) intake is the primary cause. The paper's own diets varied corn-silage maturity and concentrate type, not replacement of grass silage with corn silage. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncorporation of maize silages in grass silage-based rations has increased to improve productivity of dairy cows.
“the incorporation of maize silages in grass silage-based rations has been increased to improve productivity of dairy cows. 1 -5,8-14”
From Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality
Khan, N. A., Yu, P., Ali, M., Cone, J. W., & Hendriks, W. H. (2015) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.6703 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Khan, N. A., Tewoldebrhan, T. A., Zom, R. L. G., Cone, J. W., & Hendriks, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Khan, N.A.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1472-1483
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148888813
- Semantic Scholar
- 91f00319781434619bc33a33410a7781a238ac76
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Royal Friesland-Campina
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Keywords
- milk fat fatty acid composition, dairy cattle, omega-3 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 ratio, conjugated linoleic acid, trans fatty acids, short- and medium-chain fatty acids, lactation stage, milk yield
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Carbohydrates, Cattle, Zea mays, Diet, Fatty Acids, Female, Lactation, Milk, Silage
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