Composition of growth of Holstein calves fed milk replacer from birth to 105-kilogram body weight

Diaz, M.C.; Van Amburgh, M.E.; Smith, J.M.; Kelsey, J.M.; Hutten, E.L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74541-9

Cited by 273Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyAnimal health and immunology

Composition of growth of Holstein calves fed milk replacer from birth to 105-kilogram body weight

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Diaz, M.C., Van Amburgh, M.E., Smith, J.M., Kelsey, J.M., Hutten, E.L.·2001·Journal of Dairy Science

DOI 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74541-9

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Abstract

Sixty calves were assigned to a comparative slaughter study to determine the changes in composition of milk replacer-fed Holstein bull calves from birth to 105-kg body weight (BW). Six calves were slaughtered on day of birth and served as a baseline for comparison of compositional changes. Fifty-four calves were assigned to one of three treatments (18 calves per treatment). Calves were fed milk replacer containing 30% crude protein (CP) and 20% fat. Target growth rates for treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 500, 950, and 1400 g/d, respectively. Six calves from each treatment were slaughtered and analyzed for energy, nitrogen, ether extract, and ash when they reached 65, 85 and 105 kg of BW. Actual daily gains from birth to slaughter were 560, 973, and 1100 g, and net deposition of CP and fat were 140 and 44, 204 and 154, and 247 and 161 g/d for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Results were used to develop equations to predict retained energy [retained energy = (empty BW(0.223)) x (empty BW gain(1.32))], and retained protein, [retained protein = (184 x empty BW gain (kilograms/d)) + (17.2 x (retained energy)/empty BW gain] where retained energy is in Mcal/d, retained protein is in g/d, and empty BW and gain are in kilograms. The composition of gain observed was compared to predictions from the 1989 Dairy NRC and 1996 Beef NRC equations and demonstrated the equations do not represent the composition of gain in calves of this weight.

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Growth rates in young calves increase linearly as milk replacer intake increases.
“several studies have shown that growth rates in young calves increase linearly as MR intake increases (Diaz et al., 2001; Bartlett et al., 2006).”
From Effects of pre- and post-transport feeding protocols on the metabolism and physiological status of veal calves. (2025) · cites this paper as Diaz et al., 2001

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Growth, nutrient utilization, and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein1
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Authors: Diaz, M. C., Van Amburgh, M. E., Smith, J. M., Kelsey, J. M., & Hutten, E. L.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
ORCID: Smith, J.M.
Venue: Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Published: 2001-04
Volume: 84
Issue: 4
Pages: 830-842
ISSN: 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74541-9
OpenAlex: W2012864288
Cited by: 273
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 10.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6493 d)
Locations: Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Keywords: Holstein bull calves, milk replacer, calf growth, retained energy, fat deposition, nitrogen deposition, growth rate, calf nutrition
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Feed, Animals, Newborn, Biological Availability, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Cattle, Dietary Proteins, Digestion, Male, Milk, Models, Biological, Nutritional Requirements, Time Factors, Weight Gain

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Composition of growth of Holstein calves fed milk replacer from birth to 105-kilogram body weight

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