Atmospheric CO2, CH4 and N2O records over the past 60 000 years based on the comparison of different polar ice cores
Open accessAbstract
Analyses of air extracted from polar ice cores are the most straightforward method of reconstructing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and their variations for past climatic epochs. These measurements show that the concentration of the three most important greenhouse gases (other than water vapour) CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O have steadily increased during the past 250 years due to anthropogenic activities (Prather and others, 2001; Prentice and others, 2001). Ice-core results also provided the first evidence of a substantial increase in the concentration of the three gases during the transition from the last glacial epoch to the Holocene (Raynaud and others, 1993). However, results from different cores are not always in agreement concerning details and small, short-term variations. the composition of the air enclosed in bubbles can be slightly changed by fractionation during the enclosure process, by chemical reactions and/or biological activity in the ice and by fractionation during the air extraction. We compile here several records with short-term variations or anomalies and discuss possible causes, taking into account improved analytical techniques and new results.
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Preindustrial N2O was ~270 ppbv.
“Lightning production of NO, followed by H addition and HNO dissolution and decomposition, might maintain ground-level N2O to a few parts per billion by volume (ppbv), compared to a preindustrial ~270-ppbv N2O (159).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [159]
The Last Millennium section describes ice-core records of preindustrial N2O and reports no significant concentration variations during the first seven centuries. It does not give a preindustrial concentration of approximately 270 ppbv; searches for that value found no matching passage in our copy. Page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLightning production of NO, followed by H addition and HNO dissolution and decomposition, might maintain ground-level N2O to a few ppbv.
“Lightning production of NO, followed by H addition and HNO dissolution and decomposition, might maintain ground-level N2O to a few parts per billion by volume (ppbv), compared to a preindustrial ~270-ppbv N2O (159).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [159]
The Introduction discusses possible N2O production within ice, and The Last Millennium discusses atmospheric N2O records; neither addresses lightning-produced NO, HNO reactions, or maintenance of ground-level N2O at a few ppbv. Searches for lightning, HNO, and the proposed reaction sequence found no passage supporting the claim. The cited text also did not establish the stated ~270-ppbv preindustrial comparison. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Stauffer, B., Flückiger, J., Monnin, E., Schwander, J., Barnola, J.-M., & Chappellaz, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- ORCID
- Chappellaz, Jérôme
- Venue
- Annals of Glaciology
- Publisher
- International Glaciological Society
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 35
- Pages
- 202-208
- ISSN
- 0260-3055 (ISSN-L)
- 1727-5644
- OpenAlex
- W2079430827
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Glaciology (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- University of Bern
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Cryospheric studies and observations
- Keywords
- atmospheric CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, greenhouse gases, ice cores, paleoclimate, last glacial period, Holocene, short-term variability, air extraction, isotope fractionation, anthropogenic emissions
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