The Applicability of Bass's Model of Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Leadership in the Hospital Administrative Environment
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate empirically in the hospital administrative environment the relationship of leadership behaviors to subordinate manager's perceived outcomes, through examination of B. M. Bass's (1985) model of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership. The author measured leadership orientation and outcome factors through subordinate managers' ratings of hospital CEOs using a questionnaire, which asked: Is there a relationship between the leadership styles of hospital CEOs and subordinate managers' self-reported willingness to exert extra effort, perception of leader effectiveness and satisfaction with their leader? Findings revealed that the relationship between transformational leadership and the outcome factors were stronger and more positive than were the transactional and laissez-faire styles. These findings are consistent with the hierarchal patterns reported and support the universality of the model.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
FRL model has been shown applicable in large healthcare settings (Spinelli, 2006).
“Indeed the FRL model has been shown to be applicable in large healthcare settings (Spinelli, 2006).”
From The Roles of System and Organizational Leadership in System-Wide Evidence-Based Intervention Sustainment: A Mixed-Method Study (2016) · cites this paper as Spinelli, 2006
This is consistent with other work in different settings that find stronger effects for transformational leadership (Spinelli, 2006).
“However this is consistent with other work in different settings that find stronger effects for transformational leadership (Spinelli, 2006).”
From The Roles of System and Organizational Leadership in System-Wide Evidence-Based Intervention Sustainment: A Mixed-Method Study (2016) · cites this paper as Spinelli, 2006
Cites
Longshore, J. M., & Bass, B. M. (1987) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258081 · Cited by 12,424 · see citing works
From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision
Bass, B. M. (1990) · Organizational Dynamics · doi:10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-s · Cited by 4,697 · see citing works
Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(96)90027-2 · Cited by 2,765 · see citing works
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t03624-000 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Hater, J. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.695 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Developing Transformational Leadership: 1992 and Beyond
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990) · Journal of European Industrial Training · doi:10.1108/03090599010135122 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Transformational Leadership: Beyond Initiation and Consideration
Seltzer, J., & Bass, B. M. (1990) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639001600403 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Charismatic Leadership: The Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness
Hollander, E. P., Conger, J. A., & KANUNGO, R. N. (1990) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258113 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Shatter the glass ceiling: Women may make better managers
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.3930330405 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Leadership and outcomes of performance appraisal processes
Waldman, D. A., Bass, B. M., & Einstein, W. O. (1987) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00251.x · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Strategic Leadership: A View from Quantum and Chaos Theories
McDaniel, R. R. (1997) · Health Care Management Review · doi:10.1097/00004010-199701000-00003 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The need for nursing leadership in uncertain times
Sofarelli, & Brown (1998) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2834.1998.00075.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Leadership: Performance Beyond Expectations
Zehndorfer, E. (2020) · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Competitive approaches to health care reform
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-4392 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Oermann, M. H. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Healthcare Politics and Policy in America
Patel, K. B., & Rushefsky, M. E. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429397875 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Leadership in the formation of new health care environments.
Kent, T., Johnson, J., & Graber, D. R. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
McDaniel, R. R. (1997) · Health Care Management Review · doi:10.1097/00004010-199724000-00003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Health System Reform: Let's Not Miss Our Chance
Altman, S. H. (1994) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.13.1.69 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Health Care in the New Millennium: Implications for Executives and Managers
Kilpatrick, A. O., & Holsclaw, P. W. (1996) · Public Administration Quarterly · Cited by 5 · see citing works
(1997) · Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language · doi:10.4135/9781446221815.n7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aarons, G. A., Green, A. E., Trott, E., Willging, C. E., Torres, E. M., Ehrhart, M. G., & Roesch, S. C. (2016) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-016-0751-4 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
- Authors
- Spinelli, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Scranton (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spinelli, Robert J.
- Venue
- Hospital Topics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 11-19
- ISSN
- 0018-5868 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9278
- OpenAlex
- W1999403820
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hospital Topics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Leadership
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership, hospital management, hospital CEOs, leadership styles, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction, extra effort, hierarchical leadership
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Hospital Administration, Leadership, Models, Theoretical, Pennsylvania, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review