Changes in Body Weight and Fat Mass of Men and Women in the First Year of College: A Study of the "Freshman 15"
Abstract
Students entering their first year of college are faced with many stresses and changes, including changes in eating and exercise behavior. A common but often undocumented myth among college students is that there is a high risk of gaining 15 pounds of weight during freshman year. The objective of this study was to measure changes in body weight and percentage of body fat among first-year college students. Using a digital scale with bio-electrical impedance, the authors measured height, weight, and percentage of body fat for a sample of students who volunteered to be weighed during a health assessment in the university dining halls. The authors sent e-mails inviting those same students to complete a second measurement in February of the academic year. Sixty-seven of the 217 students who volunteered for the health assessment agreed to undergo a second set of measurements in the spring. The mean change in body weight was 2.86 pounds (1.3 kg, SD = 4.0 kg), and the mean change in percentage of body fat was 0.7% (SD = 4.0%). For those students who gained weight only, the mean increase in body weight (as measured by body mass index, weight divided by height in kg/m2) was 6.82 pounds (3.1 +/- 2.4 kg) and percentage of body fat was 0.9 +/- 3.8%. The authors found that the first year of college is a period in which weight and fat gain may occur. The exact causes behind these changes are unclear and warrant further research to plan or improve intervention and prevention.
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Recent studies have reported weight gains during the freshman year of college of 1.3 kg (Hoffman et al. 2006), 2.5 kg (Racette et al. 2005) and 1.1 kg (Morrow et al. 2006).
“recent studies have still reported weight gains of 1.3 kg (Hoffman et al. 2006), 2.5 kg (Racette et al. 2005) and 1.1 kg (Morrow et al. 2006) [7-9].”
From The effect of the Thanksgiving Holiday on weight gain (2006) · cites this paper as [7]
The widespread campus perception that freshman students gain an average of 15 pounds (6.8 kg) during their first year of study appears little more than a myth.
“While the widespread campus perception that freshman students gain an average of 15 pounds (6.8 kg) during their first year of study appears little more than a myth”
From The effect of the Thanksgiving Holiday on weight gain (2006) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Hoffman, D. J., Policastro, P., Quick, V., & Lee, S.-K.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Journal of American College Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-46
- ISSN
- 0164-4300 (ISSN-L)
- 0744-8481
- 1940-3208
- OpenAlex
- W2044550541
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 27.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of American College Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- Freshman 15, weight gain, body fat percentage, first-year college students, body mass index, dietary habits, exercise behavior, gender differences, weight gain prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Female, Humans, Male, New Jersey, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Universities, Weight Gain, Body Fat Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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