The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Epidemiology, Co-Morbidities, and Medication Use of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia in the UK
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies on age-specific incidence rates (IRs) separating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in the UK are scarce. We sought to assess IRs of AD and VaD in the UK and to compare co-morbidities and medication use between patients with AD, VaD, or without dementia. We identified cases aged ≥65 years with an incident diagnosis of AD or VaD between 1998 and 2008 using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). We assessed IRs, stratified by age and gender, matched one dementia-free control patient to each demented patient, and analyzed co-morbidities and medication use. We identified 7,086 AD and 4,438 VaD cases. Overall, the IR of AD was 1.59/1,000 person-years (py) (95% CI 1.55-1.62) and the IR of VaD 0.99/1,000 py (95% CI 0.96-1.02). For AD, IRs were higher for women than for men, but not for VaD. Except for orthostatic hypotension, the prevalence of all cardiovascular (CV) co-morbidities and exposure to CV drugs was lower in patients with AD than in corresponding controls, whereas the opposite was true for VaD. The lower prevalence of CV diseases in patients with AD may be a true finding or the result of a channeling effect, i.e., the possibility that demented patients with CV diseases may be more likely diagnosed with VaD than AD.
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Dementia codes in the CPRD reflect diagnoses well with a positive predictive value of 95%.
“Dementia codes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) reflect diagnoses well with a positive predictive value of 95%.23”
From Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
The dementia code list used in this study was derived by comparing a previous published list with the Department of Health's Quality and Outcomes Framework list; the two lists overlapped almost completely, and the combined list was reviewed by the clinical team.
“Dementia codes were derived by comparing a previous published list with the Department of Health’s Quality and Outcomes Framework list of business codes for dementia.23 24 These two code lists overlapped almost completely. The combined list was reviewed by our clinical team, and all codes were included in our final definition—except those that related explicitly to alcohol related dementia”
From Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
Jick, H., Jick, S. S., & Derby, L. E. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6779.766 · Cited by 839
Self-citationDementia and Alzheimer Disease Incidence: A Prospective Cohort Study
Kukull, W. A., Higdon, R., Bowen, J. D., McCormick, W. C., Teri, L., Schellenberg, G. D., van Belle, G., Jolley, L., & Larson, E. B. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.11.1737 · Cited by 806
Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies
Andersen, K., Launer, L. J., Dewey, M. E., Letenneur, L., Ott, A., Copeland, J. R. M., Dartigues, J.-F., Kragh–Sorensen, P., Baldereschi, M., Brayne, C., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1992 · Cited by 650
Solomon, A., Kivipelto, M., Wolozin, B., Zhou, J., & Whitmer, R. A. (2009) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000231980 · Cited by 557
Li, N.-C., Lee, A., Whitmer, R. A., Kivipelto, M., Lawler, E., Kazis, L. E., & Wolozin, B. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b5465 · Cited by 486
Is the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease Greater for Women than for Men?
Hebert, L. E., Scherr, P. A., McCann, J. J., Beckett, L. A., & Evans, D. A. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.2.132 · Cited by 331 · cited 1×
“However, not all studies reported such a difference between men and women [24–26], and it has been proposed that the higher number of women with AD may be due to the longer life-expectancy of women rather than genderspecific characteristics of the disease [27].”
Incidence of Dementia in a Population Older Than 75 Years in the United Kingdom
Paykel, E. S. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950040069009 · Cited by 196
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias increase costs of comorbidities in managed Medicare
Hill, J. W., Futterman, R., Duttagupta, S., Mastey, V., Lloyd, J. R., & Fillit, H. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.1.62 · Cited by 181
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Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study
Richardson, K., Fox, C., Maidment, I., Steel, N., Loke, Y. K., Arthur, A., Myint, P. K., Grossi, C. M., Mattishent, K., Bennett, K., et al. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k1315 · Cited by 520
Impaired Cardiac Function and Cognitive Brain Aging
van der Velpen, I. F., Yancy, C. W., Sorond, F. A., & Sabayan, B. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.008 · Cited by 41
Zheng, B., Su, B., Ahmadi‐Abhari, S., Kapogiannis, D., Tzoulaki, I., Riboli, E., & Middleton, L. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13349 · Cited by 34
Common vaccines and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study
Douros, A., Ante, Z., Suissa, S., & Brassard, P. (2023) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac484 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Imfeld, P., Brauchli Pernus, Y. B., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-05-06
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 565-573
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1479723682
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Dementia, Vascular, Comorbidity, Incidence, Nootropic Agents
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