COVID-19 related factors affecting the experiences of neurodivergent persons in the workplace: a rapid review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic offer possibilities to advance social justice. One such prospect is to make workplaces more inclusive of neurodivergence. OBJECTIVE: This research addresses the question of, in what ways might COVID-19 affect the experiences of neurodivergent persons in the workplace? METHODS: Conducting a rapid review, the author has applied thematic analysis to a total of 50 documents comprised of journal articles, news articles, and guides as retrieved from purposive searches of ProQuest Central, ProQuest Newsstream International, Google Scholar, and Google databases. RESULTS: Research results have revealed themes of challenges and opportunities, and sub-themes of accommodating (i.e., remote working, employee recruitment, retainment or advancement and/or access); and diversity and inclusion (i.e., acceptance, empathy and/or ERGs). CONCLUSION: This study has informed a baseline COVID-19-related guide to accommodating and including neurodivergence in the workplace. The review concludes by offering possibilities as to what a COVID-19 inspired 'new normal' might mean for supporting neurodivergent staff (and prospective staff).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One rapid review focussed mostly on news articles rather than research studies.
“One rapid review focussed mostly on news articles rather than research studies [22].”
From Homeworking experiences of neuro-divergent workers: systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Two previous reviews explored the impact of COVID-19 and the associated change in working practices for neuro-divergent workers but found little relevant primary data.
“Two previous reviews explored the impact of COVID-19 and the associated change in working practices for neuro-divergent workers [22,23] but found little relevant primary data.”
From Homeworking experiences of neuro-divergent workers: systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity.
Kapp, S. K., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Sherman, L. E., & Hutman, T. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028353 · Cited by 1,263 · see citing works
Evidence summaries: the evolution of a rapid review approach
Khangura, S., Konnyu, K., Cushman, R., Grimshaw, J., & Moher, D. (2012) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-10 · Cited by 1,232 · see citing works
The advantages and challenges of neurodiversity employment in organizations
Krzeminska, A., Austin, R. D., Bruyère, S. M., & Hedley, D. (2019) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2019.58 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Work and Unemployment in the Time of COVID-19: The Existential Experience of Loss and Fear
Blustein, D. L., & Guarino, P. A. (2020) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167820934229 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Kelly, S., Moher, D., & Clifford, T. (2016) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0258-9 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Digital human resource development: where are we? Where should we go and how do we go there?
Thite, M. (2022) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2020.1842982 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Critiques of the Neurodiversity Movement
Russell, G. (2020) · Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8437-0_21 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Bierema, L. L. (2020) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2020.1779912 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Human resource development (HRD) resilience: a new ‘success element’ of organizational resilience?
Mitsakis, F. (2019) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2019.1669385 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Does the heterogeneity of autism undermine the neurodiversity paradigm?
Hughes, J. A. (2020) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.12780 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?
Wright, B., Spikins, P., & Pearson, H. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56050233 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Physician burnout and professional satisfaction in orthopedic surgeons during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Lazarides, A. L., Belay, E. S., Anastasio, A. T., Cook, C. E., & Anakwenze, O. A. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-205288 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An Unemployment Crisis after the Onset of COVID-19
Petrosky-Nadeau, N., & Valletta, R. G. (2020) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gillespie‐Lynch, K., Dwyer, P. S. R., Constantino, C. D., Kapp, S. K., Hotez, E., Riccio, A., DeNigris, D., Kofner, B., & Endlich, E. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1479-354720200000012013 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zandian, H., Sarailoo, M., Dargahi, S., Gholizadeh, H., Dargahi, A., & Vosoughi, M. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203395 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Eid, N. A. A., Arnout, B. A., Alqahtani, M. M. J., Fadhel, F. H., & Abdelmotelab, A. S. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203392 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hannam-Swain, S., & Bailey, C. (2020) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100145 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Disagreeing over Neurodiversity
Milton, D. E. M. (2019) · Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Right to Dignity or Disorder? The Case for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Diversity
Carr‐Fanning, K. (2020) · Studies in Arts and Humanities · doi:10.18193/sah.v6i1.192 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
COVID-19: A Devastating Pandemic
Kumar, P., Ahmad, M. I., & Singh, S. (2020) · Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.34172/ps.2020.34 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Faragher J. Are employers losing out on skills of people with autism? Occupational Health & Wellbeing. 2018;70(5): 16-7.
- Davila J, Shectman A, Anandan R. Making Agile More Inclusive. Software Quality Professional. 2020;23(1): 23-31.
- Sutherland A. Time to celebrate neurodiversity in the workplace. Occupational Health & Wellbeing. 2016; 68(11):11.
- Koh HK, Geller AC, VanderWeele TJ. Deaths from COVID- 19. JAMA. 2021;325(2):133-4.
- Kumar R. Supporting well-being in resource-scarce envi- ronments [Blogs]. Blogs (The Times of India Online Edition and The Economic Times Online Edition). 2020 Aug 04.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
AMO model for neuro-inclusive remote workplace
Szulc, J. M. (2022) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-02-2022-0085 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Towards more inclusive qualitative research: the practice of interviewing neurominorities
Szulc, J. M. (2022) · Labour & Industry a journal of the social and economic relations of work · doi:10.1080/10301763.2022.2148853 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mapping the lacunae between neurodivergent individuals and work organizations
Nair, V. S., Kumar, S., & Bhargava, S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105133 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Workplace Accommodations and Neurodiversity
Bruyère, S. M., & Colella, A. J. (2024) · Palgrave studies in equity, diversity, inclusion, and indigenization in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55072-0_9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Homeworking experiences of neuro-divergent workers: systematic review
Brooks, S. K., Hall, C. E., Rogers, M. B., & Greenberg, N. (2024) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqae095 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Granger, C., Hameed, Z., & Kelly, R. (2023) · BMJ Leader · doi:10.1136/leader-2023-000809 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Santos, R. D. S., de Magalhães, C. V. C., Santos, R., & Neto, J. D. S. C. (2024) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/3663529.3663825 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Managing workplace neurodiversity for positive outcomes: a mapping review and research agenda
Ali, M. A. M. (2025) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-05-2025-0378 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mellifont, D., Watharow, A., Daniels-Mayes, S., Smith‐Merry, J., & O’Donovan, M.-A. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2398-601820240000011005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alves, T., Butterfield, K. M., & Desrocher, M. E. (2025) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330251339563 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The invisible ink that marks our paths: lived experience perceptions of academic legitimacy
Vicars, M., Arantes, J., & Mihailidis, S. (2026) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2026.2639613 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neurodiversity in the Anglophone Caribbean
Stephenson, J. H., & Persadie, N. (2022) · Palgrave explorations in workplace stigma · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19340-8_6
Virtual conferences improve inclusion in science
Foxx, A. J., & Adeniran, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1002/fee.2699
Auschra, C., & Mai, J. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83753-798-320241003
Neurodivergence and occupational well-being: a systematic and integrative review
van Rijswijk, J., & Curșeu, P. L. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2743437
- Authors
- Mellifont, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mellifont, Damian
- ORCID
- Mellifont, Damian
- Venue
- Work
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-01-15
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-12
- ISSN
- 1051-9815 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-9270
- OpenAlex
- W4200342190
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Work (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Rights and Representation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- neurodivergence, COVID-19 pandemic, workplace inclusion, workplace accommodations, remote work, personnel selection, employee retention, employee career advancement, employee resource groups, workplace diversity and inclusion, social justice, new normal
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Prospective Studies, Workplace, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review