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Cited by 185Genital Health and DiseaseOral Health Pathology and TreatmentMedicine and Dermatology Studies History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Lichen Sclerosus—Presentation, Diagnosis and Management

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Kirtschig, Gudula·2016·Deutsches Ärzteblatt international
DOI 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337PMC PMC4904529
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is thought to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. If it is not treated, lichen sclerosus is associated with a greater degree of scarring and an elevated risk of cancer in the genital area. METHODS: This review is based on pertinent articles published up to October 2015 that were retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library and on the European S3 guideline for lichen sclerosus. RESULTS: Lichen sclerosus is mainly found in the anogenital area but can also be generalized. Extragenital involvement is reportedly present in 6% to 20% of patients. Neighboring mucous membranes, such as the vaginal or oral mucosa, are not typically affected. The disease is more common in women than in men, and occurs more often in adults than in children. About 10% of patients have other family members with the same condition. Anogenital lichen sclerosus often causes itching and pain. Functional impairment due to fissures and scars can arise over the course of the condition. The treatment of first choice is the local application of high-potency corticosteroids as early as possible (1/A). For boys and men in whom the condition does not remit after steroid treatment, circumcision is indicated (3/D). CONCLUSION: Anogenital itching and clinical features such as erythema, white skin changes (such as hyperkeratosis and sclerosis), and fissures should arouse suspicion of lichen sclerosus. The diagnosis should be confirmed with a skin biopsy, and early, thorough treatment should be initiated. In this way, a mutilating disease course can be averted, and the risk of cancer can be lessened.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Welsh B, Howard A, Cook K: Vulval itch. Aust Fam Physician 2004; 33: 505–10
  2. Kirtschig G, Kuik DJ: A Dutch cohort study confirms familial occurrence of anogenital lichen sclerosus. J Women’s Health Care 2014; 3: 209–11.

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Metadata

Authors
Kirtschig, G.
Affiliations
Universitätsklinikum Tübingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Kirtschig, Gudula
ORCID
Kirtschig, Gudula
Venue
Deutsches Ärzteblatt international
Publisher
Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH
Published
2016-05-13
Volume
113
Issue
19
Pages
337-43
ISSN
1866-0452 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337
PMC
PMC4904529
OpenAlex
W2400899138
Cited by
185
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
FWCI
1.72
Type
journal article
Language
de
Open access
Locations
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt international (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Medicine and Dermatology Studies History
Keywords
lichen sclerosus, corticosteroid therapy, circumcision, skin biopsy, scar formation, pruritus, S3 guideline
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Urogenital Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus, Evidence-Based Medicine

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