Cited by 151Iron Metabolism and DisordersNeurological diseases and metabolismHemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders

Ferroportin disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

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Pietrangelo, Antonello·2017·Haematologica

Abstract

Ferroportin Disease (FD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary iron loading disorder associated with heterozygote mutations of the ferroportin-1 (FPN) gene. It represents one of the commonest causes of genetic hyperferritinemia, regardless of ethnicity. FPN1 transfers iron from the intestine, macrophages and placenta into the bloodstream. In FD, loss-of-function mutations of FPN1 limit but do not impair iron export in enterocytes, but they do severely affect iron transfer in macrophages. This leads to progressive and preferential iron trapping in tissue macrophages, reduced iron release to serum transferrin (i.e. inappropriately low transferrin saturation) and a tendency towards anemia at menarche or after intense bloodletting. The hallmark of FD is marked iron accumulation in hepatic Kupffer cells. Numerous FD-associated mutations have been reported worldwide, with a few occurring in different populations and some more commonly reported (e.g. Val192del, A77D, and G80S). FPN1 polymorphisms also represent the gene variants most commonly responsible for hyperferritinemia in Africans. Differential diagnosis includes mainly hereditary hemochromatosis, the syndrome commonly due to either HFE or TfR2, HJV, HAMP, and, in rare instances, FPN1 itself. Here, unlike FD, hyperferritinemia associates with high transferrin saturation, iron-spared macrophages, and progressive parenchymal cell iron load. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the key non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of FD, shows the characteristic iron loading SSL triad (spleen, spine and liver). A non-aggressive phlebotomy regimen is recommended, with careful monitoring of transferrin saturation and hemoglobin due to the risk of anemia. Family screening is mandatory since siblings and offspring have a 50% chance of carrying the pathogenic mutation.

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Crossref · 10.3324/haematol.2017.170720

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  • Loss-of-function mutations of ferroportin impair iron export, are associated with iron accumulation in Küpffer cells and require no or reduced phlebotomy therapy, representing the true ferroportin disease.

    “Loss-of-function mutations impair iron export, are associated with iron accumulation in Küpffer cells and require no or reduced phlebotomy therapy, representing the true “ferroportin disease”.81”

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Authors
Pietrangelo, A.
Affiliations
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
Corresponding author
Pietrangelo, Antonello
Venue
Haematologica
Published
2017-11-03
Volume
102
Issue
12
Pages
1972-1984
ISSN
  • 0390-6078 (ISSN-L)
  • 1592-8721
OpenAlex
W2766930181
Cited by
151
References
123
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 1
FWCI
9.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Haematologica (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Keywords
ferroportin disease, ferroportin 1, hereditary iron overload, hyperferritinemia, transferrin saturation, Kupffer cells, phlebotomy, family screening
MeSH terms
Ferroportin, Humans, Kupffer Cells, Mutation, Phlebotomy, Iron Overload, Cation Transport Proteins

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