The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 14 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns - A Review
Open accessAbstract
Textile dyeing effluent is considered as one of the most environmentally unfriendly industrial processes. The study aimed to review the different types of textile dyes use in the industrial processes and their contribution to environmental pollution in South Asian countries. The article was prepared to compile all present data from different journals and website on textile dyeing effluents characterization in South Asia. A wide variety of synthetic dyes like azo dye, vat, reactive dye, disperse dye, etc. widely used in the textile sector. The result showed that some physicochemical parameters of the dyeing effluents (COD, TDS and BOD) exceeded their standard limits. The industrial effluents are affecting the main devastation to the aquaculture, agriculture, ecology, environment, and public health since the development of textile dyeing industries in these countries. Now a day, its proper supervision and curative measures like removal system have become the furthermost thoughtful tasks all over the world and the developing and transition economies countries in particular. It is imperative to take immediate steps to reduce the environmental pollution due to discharge the untreated textile dye effluents. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 131-144 2018
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review compiles evidence that textile dyeing effluents in South Asia, especially Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, commonly exceed discharge standards for COD, TDS, BOD, and related parameters. It concludes that untreated or inadequately treated effluents pollute water, soil, agriculture, aquatic life, and public health, and that most industries lack effective effluent treatment.
Key findings
- A wide variety of synthetic dyes are used in textiles, including azo, vat, reactive, and disperse dyes; azo dyes constitute 60–70% of all organic dyes produced globally, and over 10,000 dyes and pigments are used industrially with over 7×10⁵ tons of synthetic dyes produced yearly worldwide.
- Reported dyeing effluent parameters frequently exceed standards: Bangladesh effluent EC ranged from 250–7950 μS/cm against the DoE standard of 1200 μS/cm, and BOD/COD values were often higher than discharge standards; India’s Punjab data showed pH 4.30–11.90, COD 120–3000 mg/l, BOD₅ 108–790 mg/l, TS/TSS 450–51450 mg/l, and TDS 430–49440 mg/l; Pakistan’s Faisalabad data showed TDS 2700–4200 mg/L, COD 590–880 mg/L, and BOD₅ 211–487 mg/L.
- Impacts include pollution of aquaculture, agriculture, ecology, environment, and public health; Bangladesh discharges about 40,000 m³/day of textile effluents and 26,000 BOD₅ kg/day pollution load, while Sri Lanka’s coastal textile industries discharge 7100 m³/day wastewater with BOD₅ 4979 kg/day and COD 11310 mg/L, above discharge limits.
- Treatment remains inadequate: most textile and dyeing industries have no effluent treatment plant (ETP), and those with ETPs often do not operate them regularly; a single treatment unit cannot remove all toxic organic and inorganic pollutants, so a series of treatment units is needed.
Methods
- The paper is a review article that compiles existing data from different journals and websites on textile dyeing effluent characterization in South Asia, with particular focus on Bangladesh.
- It presents physicochemical parameters for Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan in Tables 2–4 and uses figures for South Asian textile exports, effluent loads, pH, and TDS; no primary sampling or new experimental analysis is described.
- The main analysis is a narrative synthesis comparing reported effluent values against standards such as DoE, BIS, and NEQS, and discussing environmental and health impacts.
Limitations
- The paper states no explicit limitations.
- Evident from the text: it relies on secondary published and website data, with no described systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or quality appraisal.
- Evident from the text: the compiled tables contain missing values and inconsistent parameters/units across countries, and the review offers descriptive comparisons rather than primary sampling or statistical analysis.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
14 No basis given · 12 Own interpretation · 7 Sources not found · 5 Not checked yet · 1 Partly supported · 1 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Own result · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“The textile effluents contain organic and inorganic compounds (Elliott et al, 1954).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Elliott et al, 1954 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The General Features of Overtone Spectra section discusses water in textile fibres, and the Conclusion discusses what infrared spectra reveal about fibre structure; neither addresses textile effluents. Searches for textile effluents and organic and inorganic compounds found no passage in our copy supporting the claim. Page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, the enlarged demand for textile yields and the comparative increase in their production and the use of synthetic dyes have contributed to dye wastewater becoming one of the significant sources of severe pollution problems recently (Dos Santos et al., 2007;Ogugbue and Sawidis, 2011).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dos Santos et al., 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Ogugbue and Sawidis, 2011 source
The Introduction states that dye wastewater has become a major source of severe pollution problems because of greater demand for textile products and a proportional increase in the production and use of synthetic dyes. This directly supports the attributed paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Reports showed that the major physicochemical parameters of textile dyeing effluents including pH, COD, BOD, TSS and TDS exceeded the BIS-standard permissible limits (Table 3) and the NEQS limit (Table 4).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Pollutants of textile dyeing effluents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study depicted that the nature of the textile dyeing effluents is alkaline due to the excessive use of bleaching powder in the industries of Bangladesh (Table 2).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Pollutants of textile dyeing effluents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The result showed that some physicochemical parameters of the dyeing effluents (COD, TDS and BOD) exceeded their standard limits.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Therefore, the extremely concentrated heavy metals become unsafe to fish and microorganism of the Dhalai Beel (Sultana, 2003).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sultana, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most of the parameters of the effluents exceed the limits of their standard set by different organizations.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study illustrated that the ETPs run using some common treatment methods including flocculation, coagulation, adsorption, ozonation, and advanced oxidation process.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Most textile and dyeing industries have no effluent treatment plants (ETP).
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The textile industries of Gujrat discharged the largest volume of textile dyeing effluents than other states in India.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Impact on water
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most cases, BOD and COD values were higher than discharge standards.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Pollutants of textile dyeing effluents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“They also stated that among the study area 40% is highly polluted, 35% moderately, 20% less polluted and 5% non-polluted (Kanan et al., 2014;Begum et al., 2011).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kanan et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Begum et al., 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS) analyzed that EC of Shitalakkhya river snappy the boundary and it was 110 micro S/cm during 1980 but destructive industrial development and erroneous farming actions, it increases up to 1440 micro S/cm through 1998 and TDS increases 216 to 446 mg/l (BCAS, 2000).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites BCAS, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The textile dyeing industries produce large amounts of effluents, dirt slurry and solid waste ingredients every day.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: A complex mixture of dangerous organic and inorganic chemicals is discharged into aquatic bodies from textile industries in Bangladesh, generally without treatment or with partial treatment.
- Rests on an assumption: About 40,000 m3/day of textile effluents and 26,000 kg/day BOD5 pollution load are discharged by textile industries in Bangladesh.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The plant height, tiller, and straw are affected by contaminated soil.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“where fresh water contaminated soil contain 0.002% N, 0.28% P, and 9.43% K in Gazipur district, respectively.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Discharged effluents of Narshshindi are highly alkaline (Fig. 4) and surface water of DND area is highly polluted due to huge TDS content in effluents (Fig. 5).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effluents discharge standards are found to vary from country to country.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Treatment of textile dyeing effluents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They stated that the amount of N, P and K in contaminated soil are 0.461 micro g/g, 29.8 micro g /g and 1.786 where BRAC standards amount of N, P and K are 0.271-0.36micro g/g, 22.30 micro g/g, 0.271-0.36micro g/g in Narshindi”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The EC of the effluent was found in the range of 250-7950 μS/cm which is higher than the standard limit (1200 μS/cm) of DoE (2008).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Pollutants of textile dyeing effluents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites DoE (2008)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study observed that a few industries have an ETP, but the efficiency of the EPT has not enough to maintain the standard discharge limit.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Most textile and dyeing industries have no effluent treatment plants (ETP).
- Rests on an assumption: Few industries that have an ETP do not operate it regularly or use it only occasionally.
In the paper
“A researcher analyzed water samples of Saver for pH, temperatures, DO, BOD 5 , COD, total EC, TDS and TSS and most of the parameters exceeded the discharge limit (Mia, 2001).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mia, 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pollutants are dissolved solids (DS), suspended solids (SS), colored compounds, higher BOD 5 , COD, heavy metals, oily and slightly alkaline.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: A complex mixture of dangerous organic and inorganic chemicals is discharged into aquatic bodies from textile industries in Bangladesh, generally without treatment or with partial treatment.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“BOD 5 (Kg/day) and COD (mg/L) of textile dyeing effluents are 4979 (Kg/day) and 11310 (mg/L) which are greater than discharge limits (Table 2).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Impact on water
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The dyeing industrial effluents cause of variation of the physical, chemical, and biological nature of aquatic atmosphere by the nonstop alteration in turbidity, odor, noise, temperature, pH, etc.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The untreated textile dyeing effluents affect every component of the environment namely soil, water, air and human health of the environment (Shaikh, 2009) and are discussed below.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Impact of dyeing effluents on environment
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Shaikh, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The textile dyeing effluents are holding traces of metals, which are proficient of damaging the water, soil, and human health.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The amounts of nutrients and their dissemination in different soil horizons are related to the growth progress of plantation.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a single treatment unit cannot remove all the toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from the effluent and thus need to set a series of treatment units.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: ETP produces huge sludge that creates another problem for the industry.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The higher values of COD, TDS, TSS, and EC indicate the stronger toxicity of the effluents.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Textile dyeing effluent is considered as one of the most environmentally unfriendly industrial processes.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The industrial effluents are affecting the main devastation to the aquaculture, agriculture, ecology, environment, and public health since the development of textile dyeing industries in these countries.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Suspended solids, excessive quantities of oil and grease and gritty materials of the effluents are removed by Primary treatment (Eswara Moorthi et al., 2008).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Treatment of textile dyeing effluents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Eswara Moorthi et al., 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are few technologies applied in tertiary treatments such as electro dialysis, reverse osmosis and ion exchange.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Treatment of textile dyeing effluents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The reduction of the BOD, phenol and oil contents and to control of color in the effluents is done by the secondary treatment under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Treatment of textile dyeing effluents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of the nutrients are higher than BRAC standard due to the huge amount of textile dyeing effluent from different textile dyeing industrious.”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Bangladesh perspective
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature data compiled from different journals and websites are representative and reliable for characterizing textile dyeing effluents in South Asia.
“The article was prepared to compile all present data from different journals and website on textile dyeing effluents characterization in South Asia.”
The paper relies on this without support.
During textile dyeing, a portion of applied dyes remains unfixed to fabrics and is washed out.
“During the dyeing processes, there is always a portion of applied dyes remains unfixed to the fabrics and is washed out.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Unfixed dyes are found in high concentrations in textile effluents.
“The unfixed dyes are found to be in high concentrations in textile effluents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most textile industries in Bangladesh are situated along the banks of rivers.
“Most of these textile industries are situated along the bank of the rivers in Bangladesh.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A complex mixture of dangerous organic and inorganic chemicals is discharged into aquatic bodies from textile industries in Bangladesh, generally without treatment or with partial treatment.
“A complex mixture of dangerous chemicals both organic and inorganic discharges into the aquatic bodies from all these industries, generally without treatment or partial treatment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
About 40,000 m3/day of textile effluents and 26,000 kg/day BOD5 pollution load are discharged by textile industries in Bangladesh.
“About 40,000 m 3 /day textile effluents and 26,000 Pollution load (BOD 5 kg/day) are discharged by these industries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most textile and dyeing industries have no effluent treatment plants (ETP).
“Most of the textile and dyeing industries have no effluent treatment plants (ETP).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Few industries that have an ETP do not operate it regularly or use it only occasionally.
“Although few industries have an ETP, they do not operate regularly or use occasionally.”
The paper relies on this without support.
ETP produces huge sludge that creates another problem for the industry.
“Moreover, ETP produces huge sludge that creates another problem for the industry.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lack of environmental awareness, research, technology, skilled workers, and industrial owners' self-centered attitude are the main barriers to develop eco-friendly effluent management in textile dyeing industry.
“Other challenges of textile and dyeing industries including lack of environmental awareness, research, technology, skilled, and the industrial owners' self-centered attitude are the main barriers to develop eco-friendly effluent management in textile dyeing industry.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Poor monitoring by relevant departments and lack of government subsidy for setting an ETP have aggravated the situation.
“The poorly monitoring of the relevant departments of the country, e.g., DoE (Department of Environment) in Bangladesh and lack or no government subsidy for setting an ETP has further aggravated the situation.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Impact on water
“BOD 5 (Kg/day) and COD (mg/L) of textile dyeing effluents are 4979 (Kg/day) and 11310 (mg/L) which are greater than discharge limits (Table 2).”
§ Textile Dyeing Effluents and Environment Concerns -A Review > Conclusions
“Table: 2 Table 2 . Physicochemical parameters of textile dyeing effluents collected from different areas of Bangladesh”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Islam, M., & Mostafa, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Rajshahi (BD)
- ORCID
- Mostafa, MG
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources
- Publisher
- Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2019-10-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 131-144
- ISSN
- 1999-7361 (ISSN-L)
- 2408-8633
- OpenAlex
- W2977395515
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- textile dyeing effluent, textile dyes, azo dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, vat dyes, synthetic dyes, industrial wastewater, effluent characterization, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, water pollution, South Asia, effluent treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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