Compliance of RCTs in endodontic instrumentation with the CONSORT Statement: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the adherence to the CONSORT Statement in clinical studies comparing different instrumentation techniques in Endodontics. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out through Medline databases. There was no restriction on publication year or idiom. Solely randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The articles were evaluated in compliance with CONSORT. Descriptive analyses of the number of studies by journal, country, and quality assessments were performed with RoB 2.0 Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in RCTs. A total of 6779 studies were identified, and only 33 meet the eligibility criteria. In relation to the overall risk of bias, eight out of 33 were classified as at ‘low’ risk of bias. The overall CONSORT score for the included studies in this review was 22 ± 6.2 points. Significant differences among countries were observed (p = 0.03). The range of years had a significant influence on the average CONSORT score (p = 0.01). The adherence of RCTs of endodontic instrumentation to the CONSORT Statement requires improvements. Adherence to the CONSORT statement will also reduce the high or some concerns risk of bias of studies in the field. CRD42020160552
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Reports in other dental specialties have produced similar results to the present study.
“Additionally, reports in other dental specialties, such as restorative dentistry, (Elagami et al. 2024) endodontics, (Cabral et al. 2021) surgery, (Shete-Motgi et al. 2022; Kshirsagar et al. 2021) prosthetics, (Chen et al. 2018; Lempesi et al. 2014) and pediatric dentistry, (Wambier et al. 2022) have produced similar results.”
From Adherence to the CONSORT statement of randomized clinical trials on dentin hypersensitivity treatment using mouthwashes (2025) · cites this paper as Cabral et al. 2021
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“These new systems made the preparation faster, reduced cyclic fatigue of the instruments, and reduced cross-contamination due to their single-use (Jardine et al. 2016).”
BackgroundGomes, A. C., Soares, A. D. J., Souza, E. M., Zaia, A. A., & Silva, E. J. N. L. (2017) · Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics · doi:10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.140 · Cited by 15 · cited 7× · see citing works
“2015, Aqrabawi & Jamani 2006, Gomes et al. 2017, Kashefinejad et al. 2016, Kherlakian et al. 2016, Mollashahi et al. 2017, Neelakantan et al. 2015, Relvas et al. 2016, Shokraneh et al. 2017, Aminsobhani et al. 2017, Krithikadatta et al. 2016, Saumya-Rajesh et al. 2017, Saha et al. 2018, Shahi et…”
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Apical crown technique to model canal roots. A review of the literature.
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“Some articles were still excluded for some reasons: five of them were not RCTs (Bartols et al. 2016, Darda et al. 2009, Ritt et al. 2012, Sanfelice et al. 2010, Wan et al. 2017), and one did not compare different instrumentation techniques (Kfir et al. 2006).”
BackgroundParashar, S.-R., Krithikadatta, J., Natanasabapathy, V., & Sooriaprakas, C. (2016) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.12702 · Cited by 8 · cited 5× · see citing works
“…Jain et al. 2016, Neves et al. 2016, Dourado et al. 2005, Kherlakian et al. 2016, Neelakantan et al. 2015, Peters et al. 2004, Topcuoglu et al. 2017, Wei et al. 2006, Saumya-Rajesh et al. 2017, Dalton et al. 1998, Saha et al. 2018, Shahi et al. 2016, Arias et al. 2015, Endo et al 2014) (Figure 2).”
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“Some articles were still excluded for some reasons: five of them were not RCTs (Bartols et al. 2016, Darda et al. 2009, Ritt et al. 2012, Sanfelice et al. 2010, Wan et al. 2017), and one did not compare different instrumentation techniques (Kfir et al. 2006).”
BackgroundChaves, A. T. D., Júnior, A. D. F. C., Alves, D. F., & Falcão, C. A. (2005) · Journal of Applied Oral Science · doi:10.1590/s1678-77572005000400004 · Cited by 6 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Only 9 studies out of 33 performed the endodontic treatment in 2 sessions (Gathani et al. 2016, Nekoofar et al. 2015, Neves et al. 2016, Dourado et al. 2005, Peters et al. 2004, Topcuoglu et al. 2017, Wei et al. 2006, Saumya-Rajesh et al. 2017, Pettiette et al. 2001), and most of them used calcium…”
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“…13 studies (Comparin et al. 2017, Neves et al. 2016, Pasqualini et al. 2016, Aqrabawi & Jamani 2006, Dourado et al. 2005, Gomes et al. 2017, Dourado et al. 2005, Gomes et al. 2017, Peters et al. 2004, Wei et al. 2006, Aminsobhani et al. 2017, Krithikadatta et al. 2016, Saumya-Rajesh et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, Y., Zhu, Y., Wang, H.-N., Han, J., He, Y., & Zhu, M.-Y. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhou, Z., & He, H. Y. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Endo, M. S., Signoretti, F. G. C., Pavan, N. N. O., Martinho, F. C., & Gomes, B. P. F. D. A. (2014) · Dental Press Endodontics · doi:10.14436/2178-3713.4.3.021-027.oar · Cited by 1 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…[Universit y] 27.7 ± n.r. [16 – 52] 12 [50]/0 MANUAL K- FILESd [25]/ step- back technique K3g [25]/ crown- down technique Single root canal Nonvital Endo et al. 2014 Dental Press Endod 19 Parallel [Universit y] n.r. ± n.r. [19 – 65] n.r. [30]/0 MANUAL K- FILESd [15]/ step- back technique…”
BackgroundInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Gathani, K., & Raghavendra, S. S. (2016) Comparison of postoperative pain in single-visit and multiple-visit endodontic therapy using ProTaper Universal, Hero Shaper and the Self-adjusting File -A split-mouth clinical trial. Endo-Endodontic Practice Today 10(1), 23-28.
- Jain, N., Pawar, A. M., Naganath, M., Gupta, A., & Daryani, H. (2016) Incidence and severity of postoperative pain after canal instrumentation with reciprocating system, continuous rotary single file system, versus SAF system. Endo-Endodontic Practice Today 10(3), 153-160.
- Ritt, A. S., Buco, J., Wagner, M. H., Rosa, R. A., Vier-Pelisser, F. V., & Só, M. V. R. (2012) Avaliação da eficácia da instrumentação manual x automatizada durante o retratamento endodôntico em canais radiculares obturados com guta-percha e cimento à base de hidróxido de cálcio. Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia UPF 17(1), 55-59.
- Schriger, D. L., & Altman, D. G. (2006) The content of medical journals instruction for authors. Annals of Internal Medicine 48(6), 743-749.
- Wan, N., Wang, X. Y., Qi, L., Yan, L., Ma, J., Yin, Y., Gao, W., & Wu, P. (2017) Clinical evaluation of nickel-titanium mechanical instruments in three different movement patterns combined with warm vertical compaction in the single-visit endodontic treatment. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 21, 893-898.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bürklein, S., & Arias, A. (2022) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.13782 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Neto, L. T., Wambier, L. M., & Chibinski, A. C. R. (2025) · The Saudi Dental Journal · doi:10.1007/s44445-025-00017-y
“Additionally, reports in other dental specialties, such as restorative dentistry, (Elagami et al. 2024) endodontics, (Cabral et al. 2021) surgery, (Shete-Motgi et al. 2022; Kshirsagar et al. 2021) prosthetics, (Chen et al. 2018; Lem-pesi et al. 2014) and pediatric dentistry, (Wambier et al. 2022)…”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Cabral, K. A., Martins, A. C. R., Wambier, L. M., Vivacqua-Gomes, N., Rezende, M., Reis, A., & Geus, J. L. D.
- Affiliations
- Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry (BR)
- Universidade Positivo (BR)
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (BR)
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Research, Society and Development
- Publisher
- Research, Society and Development
- Published
- 2021-07-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e41910817350
- ISSN
- 2525-3409 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3185821999
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Research Society and Development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- root canal instrumentation, endodontic treatment, CONSORT statement, reporting quality, reporting bias, risk of bias, randomized controlled trials
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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