Performance assessment for the VIP toilet in the Upper West Region of Ghana
Abstract
Key advantages of a Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) toilet over alternative low-cost sanitation facilities are its ability to dispel odours and to minimize fly populations. To assess these purported benefits in a field setting, thirty . toilets in six Upper West Region communities were monitored from September through November of 2007, modeled, and then compared to the World Bank/UNDP Technical Advisory Group specifications. The evidence suggests that the requirements for achieving beneficial performance are often ignored; hence VIP toilets are not the best sanitation facility for this region. This article details VIP ventilation and fly control mechanisms identified in the 2007 study and assesses their effectiveness; in practice, both fail to meet design specifications. © 2009 Practical Action Publishing.
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Dumpert et al. found 90% of the VIP latrines assessed in Upper West Region of Ghana to have some form of cover.
“In Upper West Region (part of the Northern belt) of Ghana, Dumpert et al. [33] found 90 % of the VIP latrines assessed to have some form of cover.”
From Compliance of private ventilated improved pit latrines to odour and fly control guidelines: A technical audit in selected regions of Ghana (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The 100 mm diameter PVC pipe dominates in all the regions, at 93%, instead of the recommended 150 mm.
“The 100 mm diameter PVC pipe dominates in all the regions (93 %) instead of the recommended 150 mm as reported in earlier studies [19,20,33].”
From Compliance of private ventilated improved pit latrines to odour and fly control guidelines: A technical audit in selected regions of Ghana (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
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Lindsay, T. C., Jawara, M., D'Alessandro, U., Pinder, M., & Lindsay, S. W. (2013) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12033 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Obeng, P. A., Donkor, E. A., Awere, E., Oduro-Kwarteng, S., Obeng, P. A., & Awuah, E. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33980 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- James Dumpert, J. D., Kurtis Paterson, K. P., & Paul Emerson, P. E.
- Venue
- Waterlines
- Publisher
- Practical Action Publishing
- Published
- 2009-07-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 250-259
- ISSN
- 0262-8104 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-3488
- OpenAlex
- W2013974314
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waterlines (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Keywords
- low-cost sanitation, odor control, fly control, design specifications, Upper West Region, Ghana
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