Preliminary studies developing methods for the control of C hrysomya putoria, the A frican latrine fly, in pit latrines in The G ambia
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To explore ways of controlling C hrysomya putoria, the A frican latrine fly, in pit latrines. As pit latrines are a major source of these flies, eliminating these important breeding sites is likely to reduce village fly populations, and may reduce the spread of diarrhoeal pathogens. Methods: We treated 24 latrines in a G ambian village: six each with (i) pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone mimic formulated as S umilarv® 0.5G, a 0.5% pyriproxyfen granule, (ii) expanded polystyrene beads (EPB), (iii) local soap or (iv) no treatment as controls. Flies were collected using exit traps placed over the drop holes, weekly for five weeks. In a separate study, we tested whether latrines also function as efficient flytraps using the faecal odours as attractants. We constructed six pit latrines each with a built‐in flytrap and tested their catching efficiency compared to six fish‐baited box traps positioned 10 m from the latrine. Focus group discussions conducted afterwards assessed the acceptability of the flytrap latrines. Results: Numbers of emerging C. putoria were reduced by 96.0% (95% CI s: 94.5–97.2%) 4–5 weeks after treatment with pyriproxyfen; by 64.2% (95% CI s: 51.8–73.5%) after treatment with local soap; by 41.3% (95% CI s = 24.0–54.7%) after treatment with EPB 3–5 weeks after treatment. Flytraps placed on latrines collected C. putoria and were deemed acceptable to local communities. Conclusions: Sumilarv 0.5G shows promise as a chemical control agent, whilst odour‐baited latrine traps may prove a useful method of non‐chemical fly control. Both methods warrant further development to reduce fly production from pit latrines. A combination of interventions may prove effective for the control of latrine flies and the diseases they transmit.
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Pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone, and local soap have been found to reduce flies in pit latrines.
“Pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone, and local soap have been found to reduce flies in pit latrines [92].”
From Are pit latrines in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa performing? A review of usage, filling, insects and odour nuisances (2015) · cites this paper as [92]
The Results (Latrine interventions) report that both pyriproxyfen and local soap reduced flies emerging from treated pit latrines. The Abstract (Methods), however, identifies pyriproxyfen as an insect juvenile hormone mimic, not a juvenile hormone itself. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Nakagiri, A., Niwagaba, C. B., Nyenje, P. M., Kulabako, R. N., Tumuhairwe, J. B., & Kansiime, F. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2772-z · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone, and local soap have been found to reduce flies in pit latrines [92].”
Background
- Authors
- Lindsay, T. C., Jawara, M., D'Alessandro, U., Pinder, M., & Lindsay, S. W.
- Affiliations
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- MRC Unit the Gambia (GM)
- Medical Research Council Unit Fajara The Gambia
- Durham University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lindsay, S. W.
- Venue
- Tropical Medicine & International Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-11-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159-165
- ISSN
- 1360-2276 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3156
- PMC
- PMC3596979
- OpenAlex
- W2001664930
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tropical Medicine & International Health (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- Fogarty International Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect behavior and control techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
- Keywords
- Chrysomya putoria, pit latrines, fly control, pyriproxyfen, juvenile hormone analogs, expanded polystyrene beads, vector breeding sites, community acceptability, Gambia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diarrhea, Diptera, Equipment Design, Gambia, Humans, Insect Control, Insect Vectors, Insecticides, Juvenile Hormones, Larva, Polystyrenes, Pupa, Pyridines, Sanitation, Soaps, Toilet Facilities
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