Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 578

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison

Open access
Dyck, Alexander, Zingales, Luigi·2002·National Bureau of Economic Research
DOI 10.3386/w8711
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We construct a measure of the private benefits of control in 39 countries based on 412 control transactions between 1990 and 2000.We find that the value of control ranges between -4% and +65%, with an average of 14 percent.As predicted by theory, in countries where private benefits of control are larger capital markets are less developed, ownership is more concentrated, and privatizations are less likely to take place as public offerings.We also analyze what institutions are most important in curbing these private benefits.A high degree of statutory protection of minority shareholders and high degree of law enforcement are associated with lower levels of private benefits of control, but so are a high level of diffusion of the press, a high rate of tax compliance, and a high degree of product market competition.A crude R-squared test suggests that the "non traditional" mechanisms have at least as much explanatory power as the legal ones commonly mentioned in the literature.In fact, in a multivariate analysis newspapers' circulation and tax compliance seem to be the dominating factors.We advance an explanation why this might be the case.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3386/w8711

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 32 references

Cited by

See all 578

Metadata

Authors
Dyck, A., & Zingales, L.
Venue
National Bureau of Economic Research
Publisher
National Bureau of Economic Research
Published
2002-01
DOI
10.3386/w8711
OpenAlex
W2890734298
Cited by
578
References
32
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3386/w8711
The paper
Dyck, A., & Zingales, L. (2002). Private Benefits of Control: An International Comparison. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w8711

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.