The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nanocellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) for Food Packaging Applications
Open accessAbstract
Synthetic plastics are severely detrimental to the environment because non-biodegradable plastics do not degrade for hundreds of years. Nowadays, these plastics are very commonly used for food packaging. To overcome this problem, food packaging materials should be substituted with "green" or environmentally friendly materials, normally in the form of natural fiber reinforced biopolymer composites. Thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) were chosen for the substitution, because of their availability, biodegradability, and good food contact properties. Plasticizer (glycerol) was used to modify the starch, such as TPS under a heating condition, which improved its processability. TPS films are sensitive to moisture and their mechanical properties are generally not suitable for food packaging if used alone, while PLA and PBS have a low oxygen barrier but good mechanical properties and processability. In general, TPS, PLA, and PBS need to be modified for food packaging requirements. Natural fibers are often incorporated as reinforcements into TPS, PLA, and PBS to overcome their weaknesses. Natural fibers are normally used in the form of fibers, fillers, celluloses, and nanocelluloses, but the focus of this paper is on nanocellulose. Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites demonstrate an improvement in mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. The addition of compatibilizer as a coupling agent promotes a fine dispersion of nanocelluloses in polymer. Additionally, nanocellulose and TPS are also mixed with PLA and PBS because they are costly, despite having commendable properties. Starch and natural fibers are utilized as fillers because they are abundant, cheap and biodegradable.
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Citations
Cites
Biodegradation of bioplastics in natural environments
Emadian, S. M., Onay, T. T., & Demirel, B. (2017) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.006 · Cited by 1,168
Isolation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from sugar palm fibres (Arenga Pinnata)
Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., & Ishak, M. R. (2018) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.045 · Cited by 568
Self-citationKargarzadeh, H., Huang, J., Lin, N., Ahmad, I., Mariano, M., Dufresne, A., Thomas, S., & Gałęski, A. (2018) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.008 · Cited by 496
Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Ishak, M. R., & Zainudin, E. S. (2018) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.002 · Cited by 448
Self-citationCombination of Poly(lactic) Acid and Starch for Biodegradable Food Packaging
Muller, J., González-Martínez, C., & Chiralt, A. (2017) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma10080952 · Cited by 447
Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch
Teixeira, E. D. M., Pasquini, D., Curvelo, A. A. S., Corradini, E., Belgacem, M. N., & Dufresne, A. (2009) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.04.034 · Cited by 403
Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials
Mondal, S. (2017) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.050 · Cited by 387
Polylactide (PLA) and Its Blends with Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): A Brief Review
Su, S., Kopitzky, R., Tolga, S., & Kabasci, S. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11071193 · Cited by 380
Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Ishak, M. R., & Zainudin, E. S. (2019) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.124 · Cited by 257
Self-citationIlyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Sanyang, M. L., Ishak, M. R., & Zainudin, E. S. (2018) · Current Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1573411013666171003155624 · Cited by 253
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Cited by
Asgher, M., Qamar, S. A., Bilal, M., & Iqbal, H. M. N. (2020) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109625 · Cited by 721
Tarique, J., Sapuan, S. M., & Khalina, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93094-y · Cited by 522
Self-citationPolylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications
Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Harussani, M. M., Hakimi, M. Y. A. Y., Haziq, M. Z. M., Atikah, M. S. N., Asyraf, M. R. M., Ishak, M. R., Razman, M. R., Nurazzi, N. M., et al. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13081326 · Cited by 513
Self-citationMicro- and Nanocellulose in Polymer Composite Materials: A Review
Omran, A. A. B., Mohammed, A. A. B. A., Sapuan, S. M., Ilyas, R. A., Asyraf, M. R. M., Rahimian Koloor, S. S., & Petrů, M. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13020231 · Cited by 398
Self-citationIlyas, R., Zuhri, M., Aisyah, H., Asyraf, M., Hassan, S., Zainudin, E., Sapuan, S., Sharma, S., Bangar, S., Jumaidin, R., et al. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14010202 · Cited by 369
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nazrin, A., Sapuan, S. M., Zuhri, M. Y. M., Ilyas, R. A., Syafiq, R., & Sherwani, S. F. K.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Chemistry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-04-15
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 213-213
- ISSN
- 2296-2646 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3017040401
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 10.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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