Study of Variability of Waste Wood Samples Collected in a Panel Board Industry
Open accessAbstract
Waste wood is becoming an appealing alternative material to virgin wood, and the main drivers are the increased demand for waste wood by the panel industry, the introduction of renewable energy policies, and the waste framework directive. In fact, the use of waste wood as a secondary resource is favored over both landfills and combustion. The best reuse and cascading use of the material are linked to its characteristics. That is why it is important to know the chemical composition and the variation in the properties of such a heterogeneous material. In this article, a sampling study was carried out in a panel board company located in the northern part of Italy. In order to investigate the heterogeneity of waste wood, all samples have been analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Nested analysis of variance and principal component analysis have been used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the variation in sample properties. The approach gives information about how to ensure representative measurements and efficiently describe the variability of the material. The results suggest that it is important to have replicates or at least two subsamples for each lot and then measure each of these with at least 100 scans, in order to get representative measurements and describe the variability of the material. The determination of waste wood composition and variability is the focal point for improving the sorting process and increasing the reuse of waste wood, avoiding expensive landfills and risks for human health and the environment.
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Only a few grams of material are used for lab analysis compared to tons of waste wood handled, leading to reliability problems due to huge variability in material composition.
“Only a few grams of material are used for the lab analysis compared to the tons of waste wood handled, leading to well-known problems of reliability of the results due to the huge variability in material composition [19,20].”
From Classification of waste wood categories according to the best reuse using FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results and Discussion section (‘Deciding the Best Sampling Procedure’; page unavailable) says that one subsample is insufficient and that multiple subsamples and scans provide reliable estimates for a heterogeneous waste-wood lot. The Methods section (‘Collection of Waste Wood Samples’; page unavailable) describes 10 L samples, but the paper does not state that only a few grams are analyzed compared with tons handled. It supports the concern about variability and reliability, not the claimed quantities. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWaste wood presents a high inherent variability.
“In fact it is well known that waste wood presents a high inherent variability [20]”
From Classification of waste wood categories according to the best reuse using FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
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Mancini, M., & Rinnan, Å. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341564 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMancini, M., Taavitsainen, V.-M., & Rinnan, Å. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.033 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Mancini, M., & Rinnan, Å.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Rinnan, Åsmund
- Venue
- Frontiers in Chemistry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-07-26
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 722090-722090
- ISSN
- 2296-2646 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8777574
- OpenAlex
- W3188021696
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Agricultural and Food Sciences
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Keywords
- wood waste, material heterogeneity, sample variability, near-infrared spectroscopy, nested analysis of variance, principal component analysis, chemical composition, waste sorting, secondary raw materials, representative sampling
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