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Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS is 20-25%, which is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS causes effects on renal pathophysiology, including glomerular hyperfiltration, RAAS, microalbuminuria, profibrotic factors and podocyte injury. This review compares several criteria of MetS and analyzes their differences. MetS and the pathogenesis of CKD includes insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The intervention of MetS-related renal damage is the focus of this article and includes controlling body weight, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, requiring all components to meet the criteria. In addition, interventions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, body metabolism, appetite inhibition, podocyte apoptosis, and mesenchymal stem cells are reviewed.
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“Although the study was not designed to examine mechanism(s) underlying CVD risk reduction in CKM, cardioprotective properties of EPA that offset inflammation and oxidative stress while improving endothelial function may have been operative in this high-risk phenotype [[15], [16], [17], [18]].”
From Icosapent ethyl reduces CVD risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: REDUCE-IT CKM (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, L., Tan, W., Pan, X., Tian, E., Wu, Z., & Yang, J.
- Affiliations
- Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- People's Hospital of Kaizhou District (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Jurong
- Venue
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-06-23
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 904001-904001
- ISSN
- 1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9261267
- OpenAlex
- W4283317650
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, kidney injury, visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, microalbuminuria, podocyte injury, renal fibrosis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, gut microbiota, mesenchymal stem cells, podocyte apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Kidney, Metabolic Syndrome, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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