Antigen Presentation by Vascular Cells
Open accessAbstract
Antigen presentation by cells of the vessel wall may initiate rapid and localized memory immune responses in peripheral tissues. Peptide antigens displayed on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) can be recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs) on circulating effector memory T cells (TEM), triggering both transendothelial migration and activation. The array of costimulatory receptors, adhesion molecules, and cytokines expressed by ECs serve to modulate T cell activation responses. While the effects of these interactions vary among species, vascular beds, and vascular segments within the same tissue, they are capable of triggering allograft rejection without direct involvement of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and may play a similar role in host defense against infections and in autoimmunity. Once across the endothelium, extravasating TEM then contact mural cells of the vessel wall, including pericytes (PCs) or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), that may also present antigens and provide signals that further regulate T cell responses. Collectively, these interactions provide an unexplored opportunity in which targeting of vascular cells can be used to modulate immune responses. In organ transplantation, targeting ECs with siRNA to reduce expression of MHC molecules may additionally mitigate perioperative injuries by preformed alloantibodies, further reducing the risk of graft rejection. Similarly, genetic manipulation of vascular cells to minimize antigen-dependent responses can be used to increase perfusion of tissue engineered organs without triggering rejection.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Upon viral infection, endothelial MHC-I presents endogenous viral products and facilitates CD8+ T cell activation.
“Upon viral infection, endothelial MHC-I presents endogenous viral products and facilitates CD8+ T cell activation (44–46).”
From Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of angiogenic endothelial cells and neuroprotective glia in Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm
Springer, T. A. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90337-9 · Cited by 7,009 · see citing works
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human Immunology
Mestas, J., & Hughes, C. C. W. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2731 · Cited by 3,822 · see citing works
CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation.
Krummel, M. F., & Allison, J. P. (1995) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.182.2.459 · Cited by 2,245 · see citing works
CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation
Walunas, T. L., Lenschow, D. J., Bakker, C. Y., Linsley, P. S., Freeman, G. J., Green, J. M., Thompson, C. B., & Bluestone, J. A. (1994) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/1074-7613(94)90071-x · Cited by 2,222 · see citing works
Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation
Anderson, A. C., Joller, N., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.001 · Cited by 2,096 · see citing works
Pathologically expanded peripheral T helper cell subset drives B cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Rao, D. A., Gurish, M. F., Marshall, J. L., Slowikowski, K., Fonseka, C. Y., Liu, Y., Donlin, L. T., Henderson, L. A., Wei, K., Mizoguchi, F., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20810 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Distribution and compartmentalization of human circulating and tissue-resident memory T cell subsets
Sathaliyawala, T., Kubota, M., Yudanin, N., Turner, D., Camp, P., Thome, J. J. C., Bickham, K. L., Lerner, H., Goldstein, M., Sykes, M., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.020 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Limmer, A., Ohl, J., Kurts, C., Ljunggren, H.-G., Reiss, Y., Groettrup, M., Momburg, F., Arnold, B., & Knolle, P. A. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/82161 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Pober, J. S., Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S., Reiss, C. S., Burakoff, S. J., Fiers, W. C., & Ault, K. A. (1983) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.157.4.1339 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammatory cytokines as a third signal for T cell activation
Curtsinger, J., & Mescher, M. F. (2010) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.02.013 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Collins, T., Korman, A. J., Wake, C. T., Boss, J. M., Kappes, D. J., Fiers, W. C., Ault, K. A., Gimbrone, M. A., Strominger, J. L., & Pober, J. S. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.15.4917 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Self-citationKuschert, G. S. V., Coulin, F., Power, C. A., Proudfoot, A. E. I., Hubbard, R. E., Hoogewerf, A. J., & Wells, T. N. C. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi990711d · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Endothelial expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 down‐regulates CD8+ T cell activation and cytolysis
Rodig, N., Ryan, T., Allen, J. A., Pang, H. B., Grabie, N., Chernova, T., Greenfield, E. A., Liang, S. C., Sharpe, A. H., Lichtman, A. H., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200324270 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Migration, maintenance and recall of memory T cells in peripheral tissues
Woodland, D. L., & Kohlmeier, J. E. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2496 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
THE DETAILED DISTRIBUTION OF MHC CLASS II ANTIGENS IN NORMAL HUMAN ORGANS
Daar, A. S., Fuggle, S., Fabre, J. W., Ting, A., & Morris, P. J. (1984) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198409000-00019 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
THE DETAILED DISTRIBUTION OF HLA-A, B, C ANTIGENS IN NORMAL HUMAN ORGANS
Daar, A. S., Fuggle, S., Fabre, J. W., Ting, A., & Morris, P. J. (1984) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198409000-00018 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Interferon-γ elicits arteriosclerosis in the absence of leukocytes
Tellides, G., Tereb, D. A., Kirkiles-Smith, N. C., Kim, R. W., Wilson, J. H., Schechner, J. S., Lorber, M. I., & Pober, J. S. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35003221 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Self-citationB7-H1 Is Expressed by Human Endothelial Cells and Suppresses T Cell Cytokine Synthesis
Mazanet, M. M., & Hughes, C. C. W. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3581 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Alon, R., & Dustin, M. L. (2007) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.002 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Murray, A. G., Khodedoust, M. M., Pober, J. S., et al. (1994) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/1074-7613(94)90009-4 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citationKreisel, D., Krupnick, A. S., Gelman, A. E., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0302-233 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Accessory Molecule and Costimulation Requirements for CD4 T Cell Response
Croft, M., & Dubey, C. (1997) · Critical Reviews in Immunology · doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v17.i1.40 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Savinov, A., Wong, F., Stonebraker, A. C., & Chervonsky, A. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20021378 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Pober, J. S., Collins, T., Gimbrone, M. A., et al. (1986) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198602000-00001 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationCarman, C. V., & Martinelli, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00603 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Hirosue, S., Vokali, E., Raghavan, V. R., Rincón-Restrepo, M., Lund, A. W., Corthésy-Henrioud, P., Capotosti, F., Halin, C., Hugues, S., & Swartz, M. A. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302492 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Membrane interleukin 1 induction on human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts.
Kurt‐Jones, E. A., Fiers, W. C., & Pober, J. S. (1987) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.7.2317 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationNormal Human Kidney HLA-DR–Expressing Renal Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Muczynski, K. A., Ekle, D. M., Coder, D. M., & Anderson, S. K. (2003) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000061778.08085.9f · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Antigen-presenting function of human endothelial cells. Direct activation of resting CD8 T cells.
Epperson, D. E., & Pober, J. S. (1994) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.153.12.5402 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationKrupnick, A. S., Gelman, A. E., Barchet, W., Richardson, S., Kreisel, F. H. C., Turka, L. A., Colonna, M., Patterson, G. A., & Kreisel, D. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6265 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Pende, D., Bottino, C., Castriconi, R., Cantoni, C., Marcenaro, S., Rivera, P., Spaggiari, G. M., Dondero, A., Carnemolla, B., Reymond, N., et al. (2004) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.07.028 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Lapierre, L. A., Fiers, W. C., & Pober, J. S. (1988) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.167.3.794 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationContribution of Duffy antigen to chemokine function
Rot, A. (2005) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.05.011 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Denton, M., Geehan, C. S., Alexander, S. I., Sayegh, M. H., & Briscoe, D. M. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.190.4.555 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cognate antigen directs CD8+ T cell migration to vascularized transplants
Walch, J., Zeng, Q., Li, Q., Oberbarnscheidt, M. H., Hoffman, R. A., Williams, A. L., Rothstein, D. M., Shlomchik, W. D., Kim, J. V., Camirand, G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci66722 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Jambou, R., Combes, V., Jambou, M.-J., Weksler, B. B., Couraud, P., & Grau, G. E. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001021 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Memory T Cells and Their Costimulators in Human Allograft Injury
Shiao, S. L., McNiff, J. M., & Pober, J. S. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.4886 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationTranscriptional Regulation of the Interleukin-2 Gene in Normal Human Peripheral Blood T Cells
Hughes, C. C. W., & Pober, J. S. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5369 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationDengler, T. J., & Pober, J. S. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5146 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationCui, J., Qin, L., Zhang, J., Abrahimi, P., Li, H., Li, G., Tietjen, G. T., Tellides, G., Pober, J. S., & Saltzman, W. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00297-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationValenzuela, N. M., Mulder, A., & Reed, E. F. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201434 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Shiao, S., Kirkiles-Smith, N., Shepherd, B., McNiff, J., Carr, E. J., & Pober, J. (2007) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4397 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationWeber, C., & Springer, T. A. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6825 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Tan, P. H., Chan, C. C. W., Xue, S., Dong, R., Ananthesayanan, B., Manunta, M., Kerouedan, C., Cheshire, N., Wolfe, J. H. N., Haskard, D. O., et al. (2004) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.011 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cuffy, M. C., Silverio, A. M., Qin, L., Wang, Y., Eid, R. E., Brandacher, G., Lakkis, F. G., Fuchs, D., Pober, J. S., & Tellides, G. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5246 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationSmyth, L., Herrera, O., Golshayan, D., Lombardi, G., & Lechler, R. (2006) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000231347.06149.ca · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lymphatic endothelial cells - key players in regulation of tolerance and immunity
Tewalt, E. F., Cohen, J. N., Rouhani, S. J., & Engelhard, V. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00305 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
LFA-1-Dependent HuR Nuclear Export and Cytokine mRNA Stabilization in T Cell Activation
Wang, J. G., Collinge, M., Ramgolam, V. S., Ayalon, O., Fan, X. C., Pardi, R., & Bender, J. R. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.4.2105 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Manes, T. D., & Pober, J. S. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8386 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationMa, W., Lehner, P. J., Cresswell, P., et al. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16585 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Fu, H., Kishore, M., Gittens, B., Wang, G., Coe, D., Komarowska, I., Infante, E., Ridley, A. J., Cooper, D., Perretti, M., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4436 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Endothelial cells present antigens in vivo
Rothermel, A., Wang, Y.-N., Schechner, J., Mook-Kanamori, B., Aird, W., Pober, J., Tellides, G., & Johnson, D. R. (2004) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationManes, T. D., & Pober, J. S. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002835 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBlocking MHC class II on human endothelium mitigates acute rejection
Abrahimi, P., Qin, L., Chang, W., Bothwell, A. L. M., Tellides, G., Saltzman, W. M., & Pober, J. S. (2016) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.85293 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationMurray, A. G., Libby, P., & Pober, J. S. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.1.151 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationRapamycin-treated human endothelial cells preferentially activate allogeneic regulatory T cells.
Wang, C., Yi, T., Qin, L.-F., Maldonado, R. A., von Andrian, U. V., Kulkarni, S., Tellides, G., & Pober, J. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci66204 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationFogal, B., Yi, T., Wang, C., Rao, D. A., Lebastchi, A. H., Kulkarni, S., Tellides, G., & Pober, J. S. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003774 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory T cells in organ transplantation: progress and challenges
Espinosa, J. R., Samy, K. P., & Kirk, A. D. (2016) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Human Placental Pericytes Poorly Stimulate and Actively Regulate Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses
Maier, C. L., & Pober, J. S. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.217117 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationPrat, A., Biernacki, K., Becher, B., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/59.2.129 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Favor Clonal Expansion of Unusual Alloreactive CTL
Biedermann, B. C., & Pober, J. S. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.12.7022 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationBagai, R. K., Valujskikh, A., Canaday, D., Bailey, E., Lalli, P., Harding, C., & Heeger, P. (2005) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.7711 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
CEACAM1+ myeloid cells control angiogenesis in inflammation
Horst, A. K., Bickert, T., Brewig, N., Ludewig, P., van Rooijen, N., Schumacher, U., Beauchemin, N., Ito, W. D., Fleischer, B., Wagener, C., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-10-184556 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Expression of CD86 on Human Islet Endothelial Cells Facilitates T Cell Adhesion and Migration
Lozanoska‐Ochser, B., Klein, N. J., Huang, G. C., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6109 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
CD86 (B70/B7–2) on endothelial cells co-stimulates allogeneic CD4+T cells
Seino, K., Azuma, M., Bashuda, H., et al. (1995) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/7.8.1331 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Manes, T. D., Hoer, S., Müller, W. A., Lehner, P. J., & Pober, J. S. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902938 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationRat kidney allograft model: was it all too good to be true?
Fabre, J. W. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
THE UNIQUE ROLE OF INTERFERON-?? IN THE REGULATION OF MHC EXPRESSION ON ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIUM1,2
Goes, N. B., Urmson, J. R., HOBART, M. G., et al. (1996) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199612270-00036 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Jollow, K. C., Zimring, J. C., Sundstrom, J. B., & Ansari, A. A. (1999) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199908150-00016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Manes, T. D., Shiao, S. L., Dengler, T. J., & Pober, J. S. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3237 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationOmari, K. (2001) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00435-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
&NA; (1982) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198210000-00016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Groenewegen, G., Buurman, W. A., Jeunhomme, G. M. A. A., et al. (1985) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-198507000-00005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Human endothelial stimulation of allogeneic T cells via a CTLA-4 independent pathway
Page, C., Thompson, C. B., Yacoub, M. H., & Rose, M. L. (1994) · Transplant Immunology · doi:10.1016/0966-3274(94)90013-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
CD31 Exhibits Multiple Roles in Regulating T Lymphocyte Trafficking In Vivo
Ma, L., Cheung, K. C.-P., Kishore, M., Nourshargh, S., Mauro, C., & Marelli‐Berg, F. M. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201739 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
David, R., Ma, L., Ívetic, A., Takesono, A., Ridley, A. J., Chai, J., Tybulewicz, V. L. J., & Marelli‐Berg, F. M. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-09-176511 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Manes, T. D., & Pober, J. S. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201817 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring antigen presentation in mouse brain endothelial cells ex vivo and in vitro
Howland, S., Gun, S., Claser, C., Poh, C., & Rénia, L. (2015) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.129 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ramgolam, V. S., DeGregorio, S. D., Rao, G. K., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014450 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zhang, P., Manes, T. D., Pober, J. S., et al. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.200758 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationManes, T. D., & Pober, J. S. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1401665 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationManes, T. D., & Pober, J. S. (2016) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.308039 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMouse vascular endothelium activates alloreactive CD8+ T lymphocytes in B-7 dependent fashion
Kreisel, D., Krupnick, A. S., Szeto, W. Y., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00566-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cells of the adult human heart
Litviňuková, M., Talavera-López, C., Maatz, H., Reichart, D., Worth, C. L., Lindberg, E. L., Kanda, M., Polanski, K., Heinig, M., Lee, M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2797-4 · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Lau, S.-F., Cao, H., Fu, A. K. Y., & Ip, N. Y. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2008762117 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Immunological Responses to Envenomation
Ryan, R. Y. M., Seymour, J., Loukas, A., Lopez, J. A., Ikonomopoulou, M. P., & Miles, J. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.661082 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pober, J. S., Merola, J., Liu, R., & Manes, T. D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pober, Jordan S.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-12-22
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 1907-1907
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5744398
- OpenAlex
- W2780075441
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01-HL051014, T32-DK007276, F31-HL129563, T32-GM0072905)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Keywords
- antigen presentation, vascular cells, endothelial cells, effector memory T cells, transendothelial migration, T cell activation, costimulatory receptors, adhesion molecules, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, allograft rejection, organ transplantation, autoimmunity, host defense against infection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
