The 12-CK Score: Global Measurement of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures
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There is emerging evidence that the adaptive anti-tumor activity may be orchestrated by secondary lymphoid organ-like aggregates residing in the tumor microenvironment. Known as tertiary lymphoid structures, these lymphoid aggregates serve as key outposts for lymphocyte recruitment, priming and activation. They have been linked to favorable outcomes in many tumor types, and more recently, have been shown to be effective predictors of response to immune checkpoint blockade. We have previously described a 12-chemokine (12-CK) transcriptional score which recapitulates an overwhelming enrichment for immune-related and inflammation-related genes in colorectal carcinoma. Subsequently, the 12-CK score was found to prognosticate favorable survival in multiple tumors types including melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. In the current study, we summarize the discovery and validation of the 12-CK score in various tumor types, its relationship to TLSs found within the tumor microenvironment, and explore its potential role as both a prognostic and predictive marker in the treatment of various cancers.
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CXCL10 expression has been correlated with the presence of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures.
“Also, as a member of the 12-chemokine gene signature classifier33, its expression has been correlated with the presence of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures50–52 which are rapidly emerging as a powerful prognostic marker in melanoma and a number of other cancer types53–55.”
From Epigenetic state determines the in vivo efficacy of STING agonist therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Li, R., Berglund, A., Zemp, L., Dhillon, J., Putney, R., Kim, Y., Jain, R. K., Grass, G. D., Conejo-Garcia, J., & Mulé, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Roger
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-06-29
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 694079-694079
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8276102
- OpenAlex
- W3174070279
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Keywords
- tertiary lymphoid structures, tumor microenvironment, chemokine expression, prognostic factors, predictive biomarkers, immune checkpoint blockade response, colorectal cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Decision-Making, Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, Female, Humans, Immunotherapy, Male, Neoplasms, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Biomarkers, Tumor, Chemokines, Gene Expression Profiling, Tumor Microenvironment, Transcriptome
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