What are biomarkers?
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides working definitions and a conceptual framework to understand the roles of biomarkers in clinical research. RECENT FINDINGS: The definitions of the terms discussed in this article--medical signs, symptoms, biomarkers, surrogate endpoints, clinical endpoints, validation--are still under discussion, as are their relationships to each other, but broad consensus has developed in the past decade and a half about the necessity of distinguishing between, in particular, surrogate and clinical endpoints. SUMMARY: This article outlines the major definitions of the key terms in this field and considers select cases in which misunderstandings about the terms led to flawed research conclusions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the case of Alzheimer's disease, a biomarker can be used to assess the overall health and diseased condition of aged patients.
“In the case of AD, a biomarker can be used to assess the overall health and diseased condition of aged patients [39, 40].”
From Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
Colchicine and icosapent ethyl have both demonstrated efficacy in reduction of CVD in recent large-scale phase III trials, however the precise mechanisms by which these drugs act, i.e. the causal intermediaries, remains elusive.
“colchicine 53 and icosapent ethyl 97 have both demonstrated efficacy in reduction of CVD in 494 recent large-scale phase III trials, however the precise mechanisms by which these drugs act, 495 i.e. the causal intermediaries, remains elusive.”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group (2001) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1067/mcp.2001.113989 · Cited by 6,771 · see citing works
Surrogate End Points in Clinical Trials: Are We Being Misled?
Fleming, T. R., & DeMets, D. L. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00011 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
A Controlled Trial of Interferon Gamma to Prevent Infection in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
The International Chronic Granulomatous Disease Cooperative Study Group* (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199102213240801 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Cardiovascular diseases
Wittes, J. T., Lakatos, E., & Probstfield, J. L. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080405 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Cancer
Ellenberg, S. S., & Hamilton, J. M. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080404 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Perspective: Validating Surrogate Markers--Are We Being Naive?
Gruttola, V. D., Fleming, T. R., Lin, D. Y., & Coombs, R. W. (1997) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/175.2.237 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Zen‐Yōji, H., Clair, R. A. L., Ohta, K., & Montague, T. S. (1973) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/127.3.237 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Debate: The slippery slope of surrogate outcomes
D’Agostino, R. B. (2000) · Trials · doi:10.1186/cvm-1-2-076 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Controversies Surround Heart Drug Study
Mitka, M. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.8.885 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies
Bailey, R. L., West Jr., K. P., & Black, R. E. (2015) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000371618 · Cited by 2,035 · see citing works
The COMET Handbook: version 1.0
Williamson, P. R., Altman, D. G., Bagley, H., Barnes, K. L., Blazeby, J. M., Brookes, S. T., Clarke, M., Gargon, E., Gorst, S., Harman, N., et al. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1978-4 · Cited by 2,011 · see citing works
The immune contexture and Immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy
Bruni, D., Angell, H. K., & Galon, J. (2020) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-020-0285-7 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring
Yang, Y., & Gao, W. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00730b · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>
Bohannon, R. W. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s194543 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Using machine learning approaches for multi-omics data analysis: A review
Reel, P. S., Reel, S., Pearson, E., Trucco, E., & Jefferson, E. (2021) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107739 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Khan, S., Barve, K. H., & Kumar, M. S. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200528142429 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
“In the case of AD, a biomarker can be used to assess the overall health and diseased condition of aged patients [39, 40].”
BackgroundTreatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer
Teo, M. Y., Rathkopf, D. E., & Kantoff, P. W. (2019) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-051517-011947 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers
Boukouris, S., & Mathivanan, S. (2015) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201400114 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
A critical review on the use of potentiometric based biosensors for biomarkers detection
Karimi‐Maleh, H., Orooji, Y., Karimi, F., Alizadeh, M., Baghayeri, M., Rouhi, J., Tajik, S., Beitollahi, H., Agarwal, S., Gupta, V. K., et al. (2021) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113252 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Yuan, N., Chen, Y., Xia, Y., Dai, J., & Liu, C. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0570-y · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Ahmad, A., Imran, M., & Ahsan, H. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061630 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Pierce, K., Marinero, S., Hazin, R., McKenna, B. S., Barnes, C. C., & Malige, A. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Therapies for rare diseases: therapeutic modalities, progress and challenges ahead
Tambuyzer, E., Vandendriessche, B., Austin, C. P., Brooks, P. J., Larsson, K., Miller Needleman, K. I., Valentine, J., Davies, K., Groft, S. C., Preti, R., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0049-9 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases
Kehm, R., Baldensperger, T., Raupbach, J., & Höhn, A. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101901 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Sui, J., Jiang, R., Bustillo, J., & Calhoun, V. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.016 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Apostolopoulos, I. D., Aznaouridis, S. I., & Tzani, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40846-020-00529-4 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Method validation strategies involved in non-targeted metabolomics
Naz, S., Vallejo, M., Garcı́a, A., & Barbas, C. (2014) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.071 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Established and Emerging Roles of Biomarkers in Heart Failure
Ibrahim, N. E., & Januzzi, J. L. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.312706 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
A Survey on Measuring Cognitive Workload in Human-Computer Interaction
Kosch, T., Karolus, J., Zagermann, J., Reiterer, H., Schmidt, A., & Woźniak, P. W. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3582272 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
“Within our autonomic nervous systems (ANS), two 12 opposing systems – the sympathetic (activating) and the parasympathetic (inhibiting) nervous system [145] – control bodily functions, such as heart rate (HR).”
DNA Methylation Biomarkers: Cancer and Beyond
Mikeska, T., & Craig, J. M. (2014) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes5030821 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Joo, H. S., Suh, J. H., Lee, H. J., Bang, E. S., & Lee, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21030727 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles in liver disease and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Szabó, G., & Momen‐Heravi, F. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.71 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Prognostic factors and prognostic models for renal cell carcinoma: a literature review
Klatte, T., Rossi, S. H., & Stewart, G. D. (2018) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-018-2309-4 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Biomarkers for monitoring intestinal health in poultry: present status and future perspectives
Ducatelle, R., Goossens, E., Meyer, F. D., Eeckhaut, V., Antonissen, G., Haesebrouck, F., & Immerseel, F. V. (2018) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s13567-018-0538-6 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases
McCormick, T. S., Ayala‐Fontanez, N., & Soler, D. C. (2016) · Psoriasis Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ptt.s64950 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Ibrahim, A., Primakov, S. P., Beuque, M. P. L., Woodruff, H. C., Halilaj, I., Wu, G., Refaee, T., Granzier, R. W. Y., Widaatalla, Y., Hustinx, R., et al. (2020) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.022 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Hohenfeld, C., Werner, C. J., & Reetz, K. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.013 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Mechanism of Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Contributes to Colon Cancer Formation
Cheng, W. T., Kantilal, H. K., & Davamani, F. A. (2020) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.2 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Infectious Disease
Correia, C. N., Nalpas, N., McLoughlin, K. E., Browne, J. A., Gordon, S. V., MacHugh, D. E., & Shaughnessy, R. G. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00118 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects
Lashley, T., Schott, J. M., Weston, P. S. J., Murray, C. E., Wellington, H., Keshavan, A., Foti, S. C., Foiani, M. S., Toombs, J., Rohrer, J. D., et al. (2018) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.031781 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Aday, J. S., Heifets, B. D., Pratscher, S. D., Bradley, E., Rosen, R., & Woolley, J. D. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06123-7 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Bigham, A., Rahimkhoei, V., Abasian, P., Delfi, M., Naderi, J., Ghomi, M., Moghaddam, F. D., Waqar, T., Ertaş, Y. N., Sharifi, R., et al. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.134146 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
A proposed panel of biomarkers of healthy ageing
Lara, J., Cooper, R., Nissan, J. J., Ginty, A. T., Khaw, K., Deary, I. J., Lord, J. M., Kuh, D. J., & Mathers, J. C. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0470-9 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics
Kirwan, A., Utratna, M., O'Dwyer, M. E., Joshi, L., & Kilcoyne, M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/490531 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ionizing radiation biomarkers for potential use in epidemiological studies
Pernot, E., Hall, J. A., Baatout, S., Benotmane, M. A., Blanchardon, E., Bouffler, S. D., Saghire, H. E., Gomolka, M., Guertler, A., Harms‐Ringdahl, M., et al. (2012) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.05.003 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
Sadeghi, M. A., Keshavarz‐Fathi, M., Baracos, V. E., Arends, J., Mahmoudi, M., & Rezaei, N. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.006 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Gadad, B. S., Jha, M. K., Czysz, A., Furman, J. L., Mayes, T. L., Emslie, M. P., & Trivedi, M. H. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.001 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection
Hofer, S. J., Simon, A. K., Bergmann, M., Eisenberg, T., Kroemer, G., & Madeo, F. (2022) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies
Pardini, B., Sabo, A. A., Birolo, G., & Calin, G. A. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11081170 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Suchdev, P. S., Namaste, S. M., Aaron, G. J., Raiten, D. J., Brown, K. H., & Flores-Ayala, R. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.010215 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Metabolomics for the masses: The future of metabolomics in a personalized world
Trivedi, D. K., Hollywood, K. A., & Goodacre, R. (2017) · European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2017.06.001 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Predicting Type 1 Diabetes Using Biomarkers
Bonifacio, E. E. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0101 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles
Stremersch, S., Smedt, S. C. D., & Raemdonck, K. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.054 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Carlier, P. G., Marty, B., Scheidegger, O., Loureiro de Sousa, P., Baudin, P.-Y., Snezhko, E., & Vlodavets, D. (2016) · Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases · doi:10.3233/jnd-160145 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Holmes, M. V., Richardson, T. G., Ference, B. A., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00493-1 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Sarcoidosis: Causes, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatments
Jain, R., Yadav, D., Puranik, N., Guleria, R., & Jin, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9041081 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Historical pitfalls and new directions in the neuroscience of emotion
Barrett, L. F., & Satpute, A. B. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.045 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Forrest, I. S., Petrazzini, B. O., Duffy, Á., Park, J. K., Márquez‐Luna, C., Jordan, D. M., Rocheleau, G., Cho, J. H., Rosenson, R. S., Narula, J., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02079-7 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Recent Development of Cardiac Troponin I Detection
Han, X., Li, S., Peng, Z., Othman, A. M., & Leblanc, R. M. (2016) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.5b00318 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Phenotypic features of central sensitization
Williams, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12135 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Uddin, L. Q., Dajani, D. R., Voorhies, W., Bednarz, H., & Kana, R. K. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.164 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Targeted and Untargeted Proteomics Approaches in Biomarker Development
Sobsey, C. A., Ibrahim, S., Richard, V. R., Gaspar, V. P., Mitsa, G., Lacasse, V., Zahedi, R. P., Batist, G., & Borchers, C. H. (2019) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201900029 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Evaluation of Speech-Based Digital Biomarkers: Review and Recommendations
Robin, J., Harrison, J., Kaufman, L. D., Rudzicz, F., Simpson, W. S., & Yancheva, M. (2020) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000510820 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Boonkaew, S., Jang, I., Noviana, E., Siangproh, W., Chailapakul, O., & Henry, C. S. (2020) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.129336 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Moura, P. C., Raposo, M., & Vassilenko, V. (2023) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2023.100623 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
McGrowder, D. A., Miller, F. G., Vaz, K., Nwokocha, C. R., Wilson-Clarke, C. F., Anderson, M., Brown, J., Anderson-Jackson, L., Williams, L., Latore, L., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11020215 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Goletti, D., Lee, M., Wang, J., Walter, N. D., & Ottenhoff, T. H. M. (2018) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.13272 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges
Howroyd, F., Chacko, C. J., MacDuff, A., Gautam, N., Pouchet, B., Tunnicliffe, B., Weblin, J., Smith, F. G., Ahmed, Z., Duggal, N. A., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50805-z · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Lipoxidation adducts with peptides and proteins: Deleterious modifications or signaling mechanisms?
Domingues, R. M., Domingues, P. M., Melo, T., Pérez‐Sala, D., Reis, A., & Spickett, C. M. (2013) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.004 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: How Good Are They?
Li, T., & Le, W. (2019) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-019-00433-1 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Perinatal Major Depression Biomarkers: A systematic review
Serati, M., Redaelli, M., Buoli, M., & Altamura, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.027 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
RNA Biomarkers: Frontier of Precision Medicine for Cancer
Xi, X., Li, T., Huang, Y., Sun, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, Y., & Lu, Z. J. (2017) · Non-Coding RNA · doi:10.3390/ncrna3010009 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Digital Medicine: A Primer on Measurement
Coravos, A., Goldsack, J. C., Karlin, D. R., Nebeker, C., Perakslis, E. D., Zimmerman, N., & Erb, M. K. (2019) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000500413 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Silva-Vaz, P., Abrantes, A. M., Castelo-Branco, M., Gouveia, A., Botelho, M. F., & Tralhão, J. G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21010338 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Arya, S. S., Dias, S. B., Jelinek, H. F., Hadjileontiadis, L. J., & Pappa, A. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115387 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review
Miguel, M., Oliveira, R. F. S., Loureiro, N., García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052721 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Blood-based biomarkers of inflammation in mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Visser, K., Koggel, M., Blaauw, J., van der Horn, H. J., Jacobs, B., & van der Naalt, J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.036 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The Urine Sediment as a Biomarker of Kidney Disease
Perazella, M. A. (2015) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.02.342 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Levendowski, D. J., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Gamaldo, C. E., Cetel, M. B., Rosenberg, R., & Westbrook, P. R. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6618 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Pathak, N., Vimal, S. K., Tandon, I., Agrawal, L., Cao, H., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2021) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00800-w · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Fluorescence detection platform of metal-organic frameworks for biomarkers
Guo, X., Zhou, L., Liu, X., Tan, G., Yuan, F., Nezamzadeh‐Ejhieh, A., Qi, N., Liu, J., & Peng, Y. (2023) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113455 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker
Nandi, D., Cheema, P. S., Jaiswal, N., & Nag, A. (2017) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Biomarkers in Pneumonia—Beyond Procalcitonin
Karakioulaki, M., & Stolz, D. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20082004 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A comprehensive profile of circulating RNAs in human serum
Umu, S. U., Langseth, H., Bucher-Johannessen, C., Fromm, B., Keller, A., Meese, E. U., Lauritzen, M., Leithaug, M., Lyle, R., & Rounge, T. B. (2017) · RNA Biology · doi:10.1080/15476286.2017.1403003 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Prognostic and predictive biomarker developments in multiple myeloma
Wallington-Beddoe, C. T., & Mynott, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-021-01162-7 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Alirezaei, Z., Pourhanifeh, M. H., Borran, S., Nejati, M., Mirzaei, H., & Hamblin, M. R. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01698-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Biomarkers for Immunotherapy: Current Developments and Challenges
Spencer, K. R., Wang, J., Silk, A. W., Ganesan, S., Kaufman, H. L., & Mehnert, J. M. (2016) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_160766 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Oncopig Cancer Model: An Innovative Large Animal Translational Oncology Platform
Schachtschneider, K. M., Schwind, R. M., Newson, J. L., Kinachtchouk, N., Rizko, M., Mendoza-Elias, N., Grippo, P. J., Principe, D. R., Park, A. J., Overgaard, N. H., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00190 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Mostafa, A. M., Barton, S., Wren, S. P., & Barker, J. (2021) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2021.116431 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Effect of Stress on Reproduction and Reproductive Technologies in Beef Cattle—A Review
Fernández-Novo, A., Pérez‐Garnelo, S. S., Villagrá, A., Pérez‐Villalobos, N., & Astiz, S. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10112096 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Inoue, Y., Kaner, R. J., Guiot, J., Maher, T. M., Tomassetti, S., Moiseev, S., Kuwana, M., & Brown, K. K. (2020) · Chest · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.037 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Phase II Trials in Drug Development and Adaptive Trial Design
Van Norman, G. A. (2019) · JACC: Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.005 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Long noncoding RNAs: lincs between human health and disease
Kwok, Z. H., & Tay, Y. (2017) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20160376 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Salivary biomarkers detection: Analytical and immunological methods overview
Gug, I., Tertiş, M., Hosu, O., & Cristea, C. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.020 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Gut Microbiome Toxicity: Connecting the Environment and Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases
Tu, P., Chi, L., Bodnar, W. M., Zhang, Z., Gao, B., Bian, X., Stewart, J. R., Fry, R. C., & Lü, K. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8010019 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Arsenic-mediated nephrotoxicity
Robles‐Osorio, L., Sabath-Silva, E., & Sabath, E. (2015) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2015.1013419 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Stress Monitoring and Recent Advancements in Wearable Biosensors
Samson, C., & Koh, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.01037 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Sources and Functions of Extracellular Small RNAs in Human Circulation
Fritz, J. V., Heintz‐Buschart, A., Ghosal, A., Wampach, L., Etheridge, A., Galas, D. J., & Wilmes, P. (2016) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050711 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Huang, Z., Kumar, U., & Chen, D. D. Y. (2017) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.021 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Epigenetic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases
Soler‐Botija, C., Gálvez‐Montón, C., & Bayés‐Genís, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00950 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Uses of Arterial Stiffness in Clinical Practice
Wilkinson, I. B., Maki-Petaja, K. M., & Mitchell, G. F. (2020) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.313130 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Risk factors in periodontology: a conceptual framework
Bouchard, P., Carra, M. C., Boillot, A., Mora, F., & Rangé, H. (2016) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12650 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Hansson, O., Mikulskis, A., Fagan, A. M., Teunissen, C. E., Zetterberg, H., Vanderstichele, H., Molinuevo, J. L., Shaw, L. M. J., Vandijck, M. L. J., Verbeek, M. M., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.008 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Emerging Insights into the Metabolic Alterations in Aging Using Metabolomics
Srivastava, S. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9120301 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Omics-Based Biomarkers: Application of Metabolomics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Sethi, S., & Brietzke, E. M. (2015) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyv096 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections
Liu, H., Song, J., Zhao, Z., Zhao, S., Tian, Z., & Yan, F. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202305347 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The ischemic/nephrotoxic acute kidney injury and the use of renal biomarkers in clinical practice
Andreucci, M., Faga, T., Pisani, A., Perticone, M., & Michael, A. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.12.001 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Biomarkers of COVID-19 and technologies to combat SARS-CoV-2
Zhang, L., & Guo, H. (2020) · Advances in Biomarker Sciences and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.abst.2020.08.001 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Arterial Hypertension—Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Krzemińska, J., Wronka, M., Młynarska, E., Franczyk, B., & Rysz, J. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11010172 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
- Authors
- Strimbu, K., & Tavel, J. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tavel, Jorge A
- Venue
- Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 463-466
- ISSN
- 1746-630X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3078627
- OpenAlex
- W1980541833
- Cited by
- 2,062
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 222 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 199 · 2019: 178 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 127 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AI999999)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Keywords
- biomarkers, surrogate endpoints, clinical trial endpoints, biomarker validation, terminology definitions
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
