The Research Progress of Antiangiogenic Therapy, Immune Therapy and Tumor Microenvironment
Open accessAbstract
Anti-angiogenesis therapy, a promising strategy against cancer progression, is limited by drug-resistance, which could be attributed to changes within the tumor microenvironment. Studies have increasingly shown that combining anti-angiogenesis drugs with immunotherapy synergistically inhibits tumor growth and progression. Combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy are well-established therapeutic options among solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer, hepatic cell carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. However, this combination has achieved an unsatisfactory effect among some tumors, such as breast cancer, glioblastoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, resistance to anti-angiogenesis agents, as well as a lack of biomarkers, remains a challenge. In this review, the current anti-angiogenesis therapies and corresponding drug-resistance, the relationship between tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy, and the latest progress on the combination of both therapeutic modalities are discussed. The aim of this review is to discuss whether the combination of anti-angiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy can exert synergistic antitumor effects, which can provide a basis to exploring new targets and developing more advanced strategies.
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Acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic agents is frequent due to compensatory pro-angiogenic signaling and hypoxia-induced modulation of cancer cell signaling.
“Thus, acquired resistance is frequently observed, due to the activation of compensatory pro-angiogenic signaling pathways and hypoxia-induced modulation of cancer cell signaling [34].”
From The HIF Axes in Cancer - Angiogenesis, Metabolism and Immune-Modulation (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
In “The Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy” (page unavailable), the review identifies acquired resistance as a cause of treatment failure and links angiogenesis-related gene-expression changes and c-Met overexpression to resistance. “Tumor Microenvironment and Antiangiogenic Therapy” (page unavailable) says treatment can aggravate hypoxia and that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α can drive tumor-cell changes underlying resistance. The copy does not establish that acquired resistance is frequent specifically because compensatory pro-angiogenic pathways are activated; it describes the mechanisms more narrowly. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The HIF Axes in Cancer - Angiogenesis, Metabolism and Immune-Modulation
Acuña-Pilarte, K., & Koh, M. Y. (2025) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2025.06.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hu, H., Chen, Y., Tan, S., Wu, S., Huang, Y., Fu, S., Luo, F., & He, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Southwest Medical University (CN)
- Mianyang Third People's Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Luo, Feng
- He, Jun
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-02-23
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 802846-802846
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8905241
- OpenAlex
- W4214681573
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 17
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Keywords
- anti-angiogenic therapy, cancer immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, combination therapy, synergistic antitumor effect, biomarkers, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- MeSH terms
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Tumor Microenvironment
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