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Cited by 43Marine and coastal ecosystemsOceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

Reconstructing Global Chlorophyll-a Variations Using a Non-linear Statistical Approach

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Martinez, Elodie, Gorgues, Thomas, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Menkes, Christophe, Uitz, Julia, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Fablet, Ronan·2020·Frontiers in Marine Science
DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.00464
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Abstract

Monitoring the spatio-temporal variations of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl, a proxy of phytoplankton biomass) greatly benefited from the availability of continuous and global ocean color satellite measurements from 1997 onward. These two decades of satellite observations are however still too short to provide a comprehensive description of Chl variations at decadal to multi-decadal timescales. This paper investigates the ability of a machine learning approach (a non-linear statistical approach based on Support Vector Regression, hereafter SVR) to reconstruct global spatio-temporal Chl variations from selected surface oceanic and atmospheric physical parameters. With a limited training period (13 years), we first demonstrate that Chl variability from a 32-years global physical-biogeochemical simulation can generally be skillfully reproduced with a SVR using the model surface variables as input parameters. We then apply the SVR to reconstruct satellite Chl observations using the physical predictors from the above numerical model and show that the Chl reconstructed by this SVR more accurately reproduces some aspects of observed Chl variability and trends compared to the model simulation. This SVR is able to reproduce the main modes of interannual Chl variations depicted by satellite observations in most regions, including El Niño signature in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. In stark contrast with the trends simulated by the biogeochemical model, it also accurately captures spatial patterns of Chl trends estimated by satellite data, with a Chl increase in most extratropical regions and a Chl decrease in the center of the subtropical gyres, although the amplitude of these trends are underestimated by half. Results from our SVR reconstruction over the entire period (1979–2010) also suggest that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation drives a significant part of decadal Chl variations in both the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Overall, this study demonstrates that non-linear statistical reconstructions can be complementary tools to in situ and satellite observations as well as conventional physical-biogeochemical numerical simulations to reconstruct and investigate Chl decadal variability.

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  • Decreasing Chl-a concentrations have been recently reported in all five subtropical gyres.

    “Decreasing Chl-a concentrations have been recently reported in all five subtropical gyres (Martinez et al., 2020;Signorini et al., 2015;Vantrepotte & Mélin, 2009).”

    From Recent Trends in SST, Chl‐<i>a</i>, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (2021) · cites this paper as Martinez et al., 2020

    The 'Reconstruction of Satellite Chl Interannual to Decadal Variability and Trends' section reports generally negative chlorophyll-a trends in the centers of gyres over 1998–2010 and identifies declines in Atlantic and Pacific oligotrophic gyres. It does not establish a decrease in each of the five subtropical gyres, so 'all five' is more specific than the evidence supports. The supplied copy gives no page number for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Martinez, E., Gorgues, T., Lengaigne, M., Sauzède, R., Menkes, C., Uitz, J., Di Lorenzo, E., & Fablet, R.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Ifremer (FR)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Marine Science
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-06-30
Volume
7
Pages
e00464
ISSN
2296-7745 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fmars.2020.00464
OpenAlex
W3038073891
Cited by
43
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
FWCI
3.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Marine Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords
chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biomass, ocean color remote sensing, support vector regression, decadal variability, interannual variability, El Niño, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, tropical Pacific, Indian Ocean, subtropical gyre, chlorophyll trends

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