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Cited by 361Gut microbiota and healthMicrobial Community Ecology and PhysiologyOral microbiology and periodontitis research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Power of Microbiome Studies: Some Considerations on Which Alpha and Beta Metrics to Use and How to Report Results

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Kers, Jannigje Gerdien, Saccenti, Edoardo·2022·Frontiers in Microbiology
DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796025PMC PMC8928147

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Abstract

Background: Since sequencing techniques have become less expensive, larger sample sizes are applicable for microbiota studies. The aim of this study is to show how, and to what extent, different diversity metrics and different compositions of the microbiota influence the needed sample size to observe dissimilar groups. Empirical 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data obtained from animal experiments, observational human data, and simulated data were used to perform retrospective power calculations. A wide variation of alpha diversity and beta diversity metrics were used to compare the different microbiota datasets and the effect on the sample size. Results: Our data showed that beta diversity metrics are the most sensitive to observe differences as compared with alpha diversity metrics. The structure of the data influenced which alpha metrics are the most sensitive. Regarding beta diversity, the Bray–Curtis metric is in general the most sensitive to observe differences between groups, resulting in lower sample size and potential publication bias. Conclusion: We recommend performing power calculations and to use multiple diversity metrics as an outcome measure. To improve microbiota studies, awareness needs to be raised on the sensitivity and bias for microbiota research outcomes created by the used metrics rather than biological differences. We have seen that different alpha and beta diversity metrics lead to different study power: because of this, one could be naturally tempted to try all possible metrics until one or more are found that give a statistically significant test result, i.e., p -value < α. This way of proceeding is one of the many forms of the so-called p -value hacking. To this end, in our opinion, the only way to protect ourselves from (the temptation of) p -hacking would be to publish a statistical plan before experiments are initiated, describing the outcomes of interest and the corresponding statistical analyses to be performed.

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. 1994, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: DAR ALMHRER ELADABE.
  2. Hoffman, 2015, Baic Biostatistics for Medical and Biomedical Practitioners.
  3. Kolassa, 2020, MultNonParam-Package R Documentation.
  4. Lahti, 2017, Tools for Microbiome Analysis in R. Microbiome Package Version 1.15.1.
  5. 2008, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.
  6. Shetty Sudarshan, 2020, Microbial Bioinformatics Introductory Course Material 2018 (Version v3.0).

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Metadata

Authors
Kers, J. G., & Saccenti, E.
Affiliations
Wageningen University & Research (NL)
Corresponding author
Saccenti, Edoardo
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Microbiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-03-03
Volume
12
Pages
796025-796025
ISSN
1664-302X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fmicb.2021.796025
PMC
PMC8928147
OpenAlex
W4214875183
Cited by
359
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 121 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 5
FWCI
19.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • European Commission
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
microbiome, sample size determination, statistical power, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Bray-Curtis distance, p-hacking, publication bias, statistical reporting, pre-analysis plan

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