Cited by 56Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Neuronal excitation upregulates Tbr1, a high-confidence risk gene of autism, mediating Grin2b expression in the adult brain

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Chuang, Hsiu-Chun, Huang, Tzyy-Nan, Hsueh, Yi-Ping·2014·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Abstract

The activity-regulated gene expression of transcription factors is required for neural plasticity and function in response to neuronal stimulation. T-brain-1 (TBR1), a critical neuron-specific transcription factor for forebrain development, has been recognized as a high-confidence risk gene for autism spectrum disorders. Here, we show that in addition to its role in brain development, Tbr1 responds to neuronal activation and further modulates the Grin2b expression in adult brains and mature neurons. The expression levels of Tbr1 were investigated using both immunostaining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. We found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Tbr1 are induced by excitatory synaptic transmission driven by bicuculline or glutamate treatment in cultured mature neurons. The upregulation of Tbr1 expression requires the activation of both α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Furthermore, behavioral training triggers Tbr1 induction in the adult mouse brain. The elevation of Tbr1 expression is associated with Grin2b upregulation in both mature neurons and adult brains. Using Tbr1-deficient neurons, we further demonstrated that TBR1 is required for the induction of Grin2b upon neuronal activation. Taken together with the previous studies showing that TBR1 binds the Grin2b promoter and controls expression of luciferase reporter driven by Grin2b promoter, the evidence suggests that TBR1 directly controls Grin2b expression in mature neurons. We also found that the addition of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) antagonist KN-93, but not the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin antagonist cyclosporin A, to cultured mature neurons noticeably inhibited Tbr1 induction, indicating that neuronal activation upregulates Tbr1 expression in a CaMKII-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study suggests that Tbr1 plays an important role in adult mouse brains in response to neuronal activation to modulate the activity-regulated gene transcription required for neural plasticity.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fncel.2014.00280

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  • TBR1 is a T-box transcription factor expressed specifically in the brain, and its expression increases in response to neuronal activity.

    “T-brain-1 (TBR1) is a T-box transcription factor expressed specifically in the brain, and its expression is increased in response to neuronal activity [71].”

    From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors
Chuang, H.-C., Huang, T.-N., & Hsueh, Y.-P.
Affiliations
Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica (TW)
Corresponding author
Hsueh, Yi-Ping
Venue
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Published
2014-09-10
Volume
8
Pages
280-280
ISSN
1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2132244902
Cited by
56
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
FWCI
1.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Academia Sinica (AS-103-TP-B05, 103-2321-B-001-018)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
Tbr1, NR2B subunit, autism spectrum disorder, neuronal excitation, activity-dependent gene expression, AMPA receptors, NMDA receptor, CaMKII, neuroplasticity, mature neurons, excitatory synaptic transmission, transcriptional regulation

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