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Understanding the Physiopathology Behind Axial and Radial Diffusivity Changes—What Do We Know?
Open accessAbstract
The use of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is rapidly growing in the neuroimaging field. Nevertheless, rigorously performed quantitative validation of DTI pathologic metrics remains very limited owing to the difficulty in co-registering quantitative histology findings with magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this review is to summarise the existing state of the art knowledge with respect to axial (λ║) and radial (λ┴) diffusivity as DTI markers of axonal and myelin damage, respectively. Firstly, we provide technical background for DTI and briefly discuss the specific organization of white matter in bundles of axonal fibres running in parallel; this is the natural target for imaging based on diffusion anisotropy. Secondly, we discuss the four seminal studies that paved the way for considering axial (λ║) and radial (λ┴) diffusivity as potential in vivo surrogate markers of axonal and myelin damage, respectively. Then, we present difficulties in interpreting axial (λ║) and radial (λ┴) diffusivity in clinical conditions associated with inflammation, oedema, and white matter fibre crossing. Finally, future directions are highlighted. In summary, DTI can reveal strategic information with respect to white matter tracts, disconnection mechanisms, and related symptoms. Axial (λ║) and radial (λ┴) diffusivity seem to provide quite consistent information in healthy subjects, and in pathological conditions with limited oedema and inflammatory changes. DTI remains one of the most promising non-invasive diagnostic tools in medicine.
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“We used a b-value of 4,000 s/mm 2 , as recommended for ex vivo DTI [47].”
From Diffusion tensor imaging reveals whole-brain microstructural changes in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy. (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Winklewski, P. J., Sabisz, A., Naumczyk, P., Jodzio, K., Szurowska, E., & Szarmach, A.
- Affiliations
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neurology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-02-27
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 92-92
- ISSN
- 1664-2295 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5835085
- OpenAlex
- W2793043361
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 6.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2017/01/X/NZ5/00909 and 2017/01/X/NZ4/00779)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- diffusion tensor imaging, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axonal injury, myelin damage, white matter, diffusion anisotropy, edema, inflammation, surrogate markers
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