A Path From Childhood Sensory Processing Disorder to Anxiety Disorders: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Adult Sensory Processing Disorder Symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Although maladaptive sensory processing has been observed among individuals with persistent heightened anxiety, it is unclear if difficulties processing sensory input early in life lead to anxiety disorders in adulthood and what mechanisms would drive this progression. In a transdiagnostic clinical sample of 231 adults characterized by heightened difficulties with emotion regulation, the present study sought to examine whether: (a) childhood sensory processing disorder (SPD) symptoms predict an increased probability of an anxiety disorder diagnosis in adulthood; and (b) difficulties with emotion regulation and adult SPD symptoms mediate this relationship. Participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis-I disorders and self-reported symptoms of SPD experienced in childhood and adulthood. Results suggested that childhood SPD symptoms were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of a lifetime anxiety disorder diagnosis. Difficulties with emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between childhood SPD and (a) any anxiety disorder in adulthood and, specifically (b) current generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Further, we found evidence for a candidate model accounting for the relationship among childhood SPD, adulthood SPD, difficulties with emotion regulation, and anxiety disorders in adulthood. Specifically, our data indicated that high symptoms of SPD in childhood may lead to high SPD symptoms in adulthood, which then lead to high emotion dysregulation, ultimately conferring vulnerability for an anxiety disorder diagnosis. Taken together, these findings provide preliminary evidence for how sensory processing impairments in childhood may relate to anxiety through difficulties regulating emotion regulation.
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Specific phobias are one of the most common anxiety disorders in autistic children, which is coherent with the proposed model.
“Las fobias específicas son uno de los TA más comunes en niños y niñas autistas, lo que es coherente con el modelo expuesto (McMahon et al., 2019).”
From Ansiedad y trastornos del espectro del autismo: notas para la intervención psicoeducativa (2022) · cites this paper as McMahon et al., 2019
The Participants section describes an adult transdiagnostic sample, not autistic children, and does not report which anxiety disorders are most common in autistic children. The Discussion reports that childhood sensory-processing symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood of specific phobia in this sample, so it does not establish the claimed alignment with the model. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- McMahon, K., Anand, D., Morris-Jones, M., & Rosenthal, M. Z.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McMahon, Kibby
- Venue
- Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-07-09
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 22-22
- ISSN
- 1662-5145 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6629761
- OpenAlex
- W2958853887
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH117830)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- sensory processing disorders, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, emotional dysregulation, emotion regulation, transdiagnostic mechanisms, mediation
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