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Cited by 15Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and DisordersExtracellular vesicles in disease

The function of previously unappreciated exerkines secreted by muscle in regulation of neurodegenerative diseases

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Bian, Xuepeng, Wang, Qian, Wang, Yibing, Lou, Shujie·2024·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305208PMC PMC10796786
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Abstract

The initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), distinguished by compromised nervous system integrity, profoundly disrupt the quality of life of patients, concurrently exerting a considerable strain on both the economy and the social healthcare infrastructure. Exercise has demonstrated its potential as both an effective preventive intervention and a rehabilitation approach among the emerging therapeutics targeting NDs. As the largest secretory organ, skeletal muscle possesses the capacity to secrete myokines, and these myokines can partially improve the prognosis of NDs by mediating the muscle-brain axis. Besides the well-studied exerkines, which are secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise that pivotally exert their beneficial function, the physiological function of novel exerkines, e.g., apelin, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and lactate have been underappreciated previously. Herein, this review discusses the roles of these novel exerkines and their mechanisms in regulating the progression and improvement of NDs, especially the significance of their functions in improving NDs’ prognoses through exercise. Furthermore, several myokines with potential implications in ameliorating ND progression are proposed as the future direction for investigation. Elucidation of the function of exerkines secreted by skeletal muscle in the regulation of NDs advances the understanding of its pathogenesis and facilitates the development of therapeutics that intervene in these processes to cure NDs.

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  • Both GLP-1RAs and physical exercise converge on common neural pathways, influencing brain regions involved in appetite regulation, energy balance, and cognitive function.

    “Emerging evidence suggests that both GLP-1RAs and physical exercise converge on common neural pathways, influencing brain regions involved in appetite regulation, energy balance, and cognitive function.”

    From GLP-1 agonists and exercise: the future of lifestyle prioritization (2025) · cites this paper as [43]

    Section 2.2 (Lactate; page unavailable) describes exercise-related signaling and neurogenesis in brain regions including the hippocampus. But the paper does not establish that exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonists converge on common neural pathways, or link that proposed convergence to appetite regulation, energy balance, and cognition. Searches for GLP-1RA, GLP-1, and glucagon-like peptide-1 found no passage addressing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Exercise induces the release of myokines, such as apelin and irisin, alongside increased levels of BDNF.

    “Exercise induces the release of myokines, such as apelin and irisin, alongside increased levels of BDNF (43, 44).”

    From GLP-1 agonists and exercise: the future of lifestyle prioritization (2025) · cites this paper as [43]

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Authors
Bian, X., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., & Lou, S.
Affiliations
  • Shanghai University of Sport (CN)
  • Victoria University (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Wang, Yibing
  • Lou, Shujie
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2024-01-05
Volume
16
Pages
1305208-1305208
ISSN
1662-5099 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305208
PMC
PMC10796786
OpenAlex
W4390611757
Cited by
15
References
259
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4
FWCI
0.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (11DZ2261100, 31971098)
  • Shanghai University of Sport (31971098, 11DZ2261100)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Keywords
exerkines, neurodegenerative diseases, myokines, skeletal muscle, physical activity, muscle-brain axis, apelin, kynurenic acid, lactate, neuroprotection

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