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Cited by 138Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

The Postsynaptic Density: There Is More than Meets the Eye

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Dosemeci, Ayse, Weinberg, Richard J., Reese, Thomas S., Tao-Cheng, Jung-Hwa·2016·Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
DOI 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00023PMC PMC4990544
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Abstract

The postsynaptic density (PSD), apparent in electron micrographs as a dense lamina just beneath the postsynaptic membrane, includes a deeper layer, the "pallium", containing a scaffold of Shank and Homer proteins. Though poorly defined in traditionally prepared thin-section electron micrographs, the pallium becomes denser and more conspicuous during intense synaptic activity, due to the reversible addition of CaMKII and other proteins. In this Perspective article, we review the significance of CaMKII-mediated recruitment of proteins to the pallium with respect to both the trafficking of receptors and the remodeling of spine shape that follow synaptic stimulation. We suggest that the level and duration of CaMKII translocation and activation in the pallium will shape activity-induced changes in the spine.

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  • Actin is largely excluded from the core of the PSD, interacting with proteins such as Shank and SAPAP in the pallium.

    “However, actin is largely excluded from the core of the PSD, interacting with such proteins as Shank and SAPAP located in the deeper, cytoplasmic-facing layer of the PSD referred to as the pallium (66, 162, 322).”

    From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [162]

    The Conclusion (page unavailable) places the pallium between the PSD core and the actin cytoskeleton, and the Pallial Layer section places Shank in that deeper layer. The Actin and the PSD section describes possible links between actin and Shank-binding proteins, but does not establish that actin is largely excluded from the core. It also does not describe actin interacting with SAPAP; the Core Layer section places SAPAP/GKAP at the interface between core and pallium. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The dynamic addition of proteins like CaMKII to the pallium during intense synaptic activity demonstrates the PSD's adaptability, influencing spine morphology and receptor trafficking.

    “The dynamic addition of proteins like CaMKII to the pallium during periods of intense synaptic activity further demonstrates the PSD’s adaptability, influencing spine morphology and receptor trafficking [39].”

    From Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse (2026) · cites this paper as [39]

    The section on activity-induced changes reports CaMKII accumulation at the pallium under intense synaptic activity, and the Conclusion links it to receptor trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton. But the Conclusion says these events *could* synchronize receptor trafficking with changes in spine morphology; the claim presents that influence more definitively than the paper does. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • PSD-95 and related MAGUK molecules form a dense matrix that provides a stable platform for the postsynaptic apparatus, supported by interactions with GKAP.

    “PSD-95, along with other related MAGUK molecules, forms a dense matrix that provides a stable platform for the entire postsynaptic apparatus. This platform is further supported by interactions with proteins like GKAP (guanylate kinase-associated protein), which forms an interface between PSD-95 and deeper PSD layers [39].”

    From Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse (2026) · cites this paper as [39]

    The Core Layer of the PSD section describes a dense PSD-95/MAGUK matrix capped by GKAPs as a stable platform for the subjacent pallium, with GKAP potentially providing an interface between the core and pallium. The claim extends that platform to the entire postsynaptic apparatus, which the passage does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Shank3 resides in the pallium of the PSD, just below the core.

    “Shank3 resides in the pallium of the PSD, just below the core (139, 162).”

    From Synaptic memory and CaMKII (2023) · cites this paper as [162]

  • PSD-95 is a major structural component of the PSD core layer, oriented vertically to the postsynaptic membrane, and binds and organizes both AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors.

    “PSD-95, a prominent member of the MAGUK family, is a major structural component of the PSD core layer [39]. It is oriented vertically to the postsynaptic membrane, strategically positioned to bind and organize both AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors [40,41].”

    From Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse (2026) · cites this paper as [39]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Dosemeci, A., Weinberg, R. J., Reese, T. S., & Tao-Cheng, J.-H.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2016-08-19
Volume
8
Pages
23-23
ISSN
1663-3563 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00023
PMC
PMC4990544
OpenAlex
W2510009193
Cited by
138
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI
6.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (intramural, 039444)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Keywords
postsynaptic density, pallium, Homer proteins, CaMKII, synaptic plasticity, synaptic activity, receptor trafficking, dendritic spine remodeling

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