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Cited by 195Embodied and Extended CognitionPhilosophy and Theoretical SciencePhilosophy and History of Science

Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

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Levin, Michael·2022·Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2022.768201PMC PMC8988303
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Abstract

Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric architectures combining evolved and designed material and software. These advances are disrupting familiar concepts in the philosophy of mind, and require new ways of thinking about and comparing truly diverse intelligences, whose composition and origin are not like any of the available natural model species. In this Perspective, I introduce TAME—Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere—a framework for understanding and manipulating cognition in unconventional substrates. TAME formalizes a non-binary (continuous), empirically-based approach to strongly embodied agency. TAME provides a natural way to think about animal sentience as an instance of collective intelligence of cell groups, arising from dynamics that manifest in similar ways in numerous other substrates. When applied to regenerating/developmental systems, TAME suggests a perspective on morphogenesis as an example of basal cognition. The deep symmetry between problem-solving in anatomical, physiological, transcriptional, and 3D (traditional behavioral) spaces drives specific hypotheses by which cognitive capacities can increase during evolution. An important medium exploited by evolution for joining active subunits into greater agents is developmental bioelectricity, implemented by pre-neural use of ion channels and gap junctions to scale up cell-level feedback loops into anatomical homeostasis. This architecture of multi-scale competency of biological systems has important implications for plasticity of bodies and minds, greatly potentiating evolvability. Considering classical and recent data from the perspectives of computational science, evolutionary biology, and basal cognition, reveals a rich research program with many implications for cognitive science, evolutionary biology, regenerative medicine, and artificial intelligence.

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200 of 339 shown

Authors
Levin, M.
Affiliations
Tufts University (US)
Corresponding author
Levin, Michael
ORCID
Levin, Michael
Venue
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-03-24
Volume
16
Pages
768201-768201
ISSN
1662-5137 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fnsys.2022.768201
PMC
PMC8988303
OpenAlex
W4220997294
Cited by
195
References
374
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 14
FWCI
19.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group (Allen Discovery Center Award 12171)
  • Templeton World Charity Foundation (WCF0089/AB55, TWCF0140)
  • John Templeton Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
Keywords
embodied cognition, synthetic biology, collective intelligence, animal sentience, morphogenesis, basal cognition, bioelectricity, gap junctions, ion channels, homeostasis, evolvability, philosophy of mind, regenerative medicine

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