CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 194Algal biology and biofuel productionAquaculture Nutrition and GrowthSeaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Developing algae as a sustainable food source

Open access
Diaz, Crisandra J., Douglas, Kai J., Kang, Kalisa, Kolarik, Ashlynn L., Malinovski, Rodeon, Torres-Tiji, Yasin, Molino, João V., Badary, Amr, Mayfield, Stephen P.·2023·Frontiers in Nutrition
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841PMC PMC9892066
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Current agricultural and food production practices are facing extreme stress, posed by climate change and an ever-increasing human population. The pressure to feed nearly 8 billion people while maintaining a minimal impact on the environment has prompted a movement toward new, more sustainable food sources. For thousands of years, both the macro (seaweed and kelp) and micro (unicellular) forms of algae have been cultivated as a food source. Algae have evolved to be highly efficient at resource utilization and have proven to be a viable source of nutritious biomass that could address many of the current food production issues. Particularly for microalgae, studies of their large-scale growth and cultivation come from the biofuel industry; however, this knowledge can be reasonably translated into the production of algae-based food products. The ability of algae to sequester CO 2 lends to its sustainability by helping to reduce the carbon footprint of its production. Additionally, algae can be produced on non-arable land using non-potable water (including brackish or seawater), which allows them to complement rather than compete with traditional agriculture. Algae inherently have the desired qualities of a sustainable food source because they produce highly digestible proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, and are rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Although algae have yet to be fully domesticated as food sources, a variety of cultivation and breeding tools exist that can be built upon to allow for the increased productivity and enhanced nutritional and organoleptic qualities that will be required to bring algae to mainstream utilization. Here we will focus on microalgae and cyanobacteria to highlight the current advancements that will expand the variety of algae-based nutritional sources, as well as outline various challenges between current biomass production and large-scale economic algae production for the food market.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841

Cites

163 of 163 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

FIGURE 1 The versatile markets for algae products (Created with Biorender.com).
FIGURE 1 The versatile markets for algae products (Created with Biorender.com).CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 2 Visual comparison of various algae cultivation methods (Created with Biorender.com).
FIGURE 2 Visual comparison of various algae cultivation methods (Created with Biorender.com).CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 3 Irradiation (UV) mutation, screening, and selection of microalgae cells (Created with Biorender.com).
FIGURE 3 Irradiation (UV) mutation, screening, and selection of microalgae cells (Created with Biorender.com).CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 162 references

Research works printed but not linked: 22

  1. 2022, Better Policies to Improve the Environmental Performance of the Agriculture Sector. Agriculture and the Environment.
  2. Gaan, 2020, Plant-Based Food Retail Market Overview.
  3. Mateo-Sagasta, 2017, Water Pollution from Agriculture: a Global Review. Rome, Colombo: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017 and the International Water Management Institute on behalf of the Water Land and Ecosystems research program Colombo, 2017.
  4. 2021, FAO Statistical Yearbook 2021 - World Food and Agriculture.
  5. 2019, Fertilizer Use and Price.
  6. 2020, Flour, Corn, Yellow, Fine Meal, Enriched. FoodData Central Search Results.
  7. 2022, Agricultural Biotechnology Glossary.
  8. 2022, World Agricultural Production. Circular Series WAP 8-22.
  9. 2020, Recent Trends in GE Adoption.
  10. 2022, How GMOs Are Regulated in the United States.
  11. 2006, How U.S. FDA’s GRAS Notification Program Works: FOOD SAFETY MAGAZINE.
  12. 2019, Soybeans, Mature Seeds, Raw. FoodData Central Search Results.
  13. 2020, Flour, Wheat, All-Purpose, Enriched, Unbleached. FoodData Central Search Results.
  14. 2020, Flour, Rice, White, Unenriched. FoodData Central Search Results.
  15. 2012, GRN No. 417 Dried biomass of Arthrospira platensis also known as Spirulina platensis (spirulina). GRAS Notices.
  16. 2019, GRN No. 773 Dried biomass of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. GRAS Notices.
  17. 2014, GRN No. 519 Chlorella protothecoides strain S106 flour with 40-75% protein. GRAS Notices.
  18. 2012, GRN No. 396 Chlorella vulgaris strain Beij. GRAS Notices.
  19. 2011, GRN No. 351, Dunaliella bardawil. GRAS Notices Print Share E-mail.
  20. 2017, GRN No. 698 Paramylon isolate from Euglena gracilis. GRAS Notices Print Share E-mail.
  21. 2015, GRN No. 580 Haematococcus pluvialis extract containing astaxanthin esters. GRAS Notices.
  22. 2021, GRN No. 934 Algal oil (=35% docosahexanoic acid (DHA)) derived from Schizochytrium sp. strain CABIO-A-2. GRAS Notices.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–194 of 194

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Diaz, C. J., Douglas, K. J., Kang, K., Kolarik, A. L., Malinovski, R., Torres-Tiji, Y., Molino, J. V., Badary, A., & Mayfield, S. P.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Mayfield, Stephen P.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Nutrition
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2023-01-19
Volume
9
Pages
1029841-1029841
ISSN
2296-861X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841
PMC
PMC9892066
OpenAlex
W4317388099
Cited by
194
References
162
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 12
FWCI
2.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Department of Energy
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Keywords
algae-based foods, microalgae, cyanobacteria, sustainable food production, seaweed, kelp, CO2 sequestration, algal biomass, essential fatty acids, nutritional value, economic feasibility

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review