Phytochemical differences of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaves from different germplasms and their regulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in Matin-Darby canine kidney cell lines
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L.) has attracted more interest in exploring its phytochemical profile and bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the phytochemicals of different hemp leaves were investigated, with the content order: total saponins content (TSC) > total alkaloids content (TAC) > total phenolics content (TPC) > total flavonoids content (TFC) > cannabinoids. Hemp leaves from Shanxi accumulated higher flavonoids and cannabinoids (i.e., THC, CBD, and CBN), while phenolics were more abundant in those from Hunan. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory Matin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell model was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hemp leaf extracts. Hemp leaf extracts, especially the D129 and c7, significantly increased cell viability of LPS-induced inflammatory MDCK cells, and D132 significantly decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Except for c12, other hemp leaf extracts obviously decreased the cell morphological damage of LPS-induced inflammatory MDCK cells. The correlation analysis revealed that cannabinol (CBN) and TPC showed the strongest correlation with anti-inflammatory activities, and hierarchical clustering analysis also showed that hemp germplasms from Shanxi might be good alternatives to the common cultivar Ym7 due to their better anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicated that hemp leaves were effective in LPS-induced inflammatory MDCK cells, and flavonoids and cannabinoids were potential geographical markers for distinguishing them, which can provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory effect of hemp leaves and facilitate the application of hemp leaves as functional ingredients against inflammatory-related disorders.
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Hemp leaves and inflorescences are employed as sources of phytochemicals for therapeutic applications due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects.
“Hemp leaves and inflorescences are both employed as sources of phytochemicals for therapeutic applications due to numerous pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects (Liu et al. 2022; Xu et al. 2022).”
From A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic practices, and valorization into sustainable bioproducts (2025) · cites this paper as Liu et al. 2022
The Introduction describes hemp leaves as a source of phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects, and identifies hemp inflorescences as a source of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The Results and discussion also reports an anti-inflammatory effect of inflorescence extracts. Our copy does not establish the claimed antioxidant or hypoglycemic effects for inflorescences. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Liu, Y., Xiao, A.-P., Cheng, H., Liu, L.-L., Kong, K. W., Liu, H.-Y., Wu, D.-T., Li, H.-B., & Gan, R.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- University of Malaya (MY)
- Chengdu University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gan, Ren-You
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-07-22
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 902625-902625
- ISSN
- 2296-861X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9355258
- OpenAlex
- W4286560865
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Keywords
- hemp leaves, Cannabis sativa, germplasm diversity, phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, MDCK cells, cannabinoids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, saponins, alkaloids, TNF-α, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase
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