Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 8

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of potential risk of eating disorders among young, unprofessional European athletes: results of the ERASMUS+ project SCAED

Kenđel Jovanović, Gordana, Čulina, Tatjana·2024·Frontiers in Nutrition
DOI 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398464
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent athletes are at higher risk of developing eating disorders (ED) due to sports environment pressures and developmental characteristics. The ERASMUS+ project Sports Community against Eating Disorders (SCAED) aims to assess the prevalence of the potential risk of eating disorders among young, unprofessional European athletes and to provide them with easier access to professional support and knowledge. Methods: The online survey included 462 unprofessional athletes from six European countries aged 12–25 (average age 18.49 ± 5.50) on their socio-demographics, sports and lifestyle habits, behaviors, concerns, and perceived pressure from coaches and teammates regarding body weight and shape. The eating disorder potential risk was assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination for Adolescents (EDE-A) and Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes (EDSA). Results: Every seventh (14.9%, EDE-A) and fifth (19.9%, EDSA) of young, unprofessional European athletes were at possible risk for developing eating disorders. Overall potential risk (18.7% EDE-A, 26.6% EDSA), dietary restraint (12.9%), and concerns about eating (9.5%), shape (23.7%), and weight (19.6%) were significantly more prevalent among female athletes. Younger athletes showed a slightly higher prevalence and avoidance of food. Athletes training in weight-sensitive sports exhibited more behaviors related to eating disorders. Females ( p = 0.003), younger, and those athletes training in less weight-sensitive sports noted higher weight- and shape-related pressure from coaches. Dissatisfaction with their current weight was expressed by 44.6% of athletes, while 46.1% thought that they needed to lose weight to improve performance. Conclusion: The observed prevalence of the potential risk of ED among young, unprofessional European athletes is concerning, particularly due to limited access to support. Efforts to reduce the prevalence should target female and younger athletes in weight-sensitive sports. The SCAED Erasmus+ project aims to decrease ED prevalence among young, unprofessional European athletes, their families, and coaches by supporting them through education and professional consultation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398464

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 68

  1. Treasure, 2020, Eating disorders, Lancet, 395, 899, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30059-3 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 2022, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  3. Wells, 2020, The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport, Br J Sports Med, 54, 1247, 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101813 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Campbell, 2014, Eating disorders in children and adolescents: state of the art review, Pediatrics, 134, 582, 10.1542/peds.2014-0194 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Tylka, 2023, Integrating social media variables as predictors, mediators, and moderators within body image frameworks: potential mechanisms of action to consider in future research, Body Image, 44, 197, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.01.004 · DOI
  6. Logan, 2019, Organized sports for children, preadolescents, and adolescents, Pediatrics, 143, e20190997, 10.1542/peds.2019-0997 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Braun, 2015, Prediction of bone mineral density and content from measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior in younger and older females, Prev Med Rep, 2, 300, 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.012 · DOI
  8. Hebert, 2017, The prospective Association of Organized Sports Participation with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in children (the CHAMPS study-DK), Mayo Clin Proc, 92, 57, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.013 · DOI
  9. Cayres-Santos, 2020, Sports participation improves metabolic profile in adolescents: ABCD growth study, Am J Hum Biol, 32, e23387, 10.1002/ajhb.23387 · DOI
  10. Vella, 2017, Bidirectional associations between sport involvement and mental health in adolescence, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49, 687, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001142 · DOI
  11. Dodge, 2009, Positive self-beliefs as a mediator of the relationship between adolescents' sports participation and health in young adulthood, J Youth Adolesc, 38, 813, 10.1007/s10964-008-9371-y · DOI
  12. Appleton, 2011, Examining the influence of the parent-initiated and coach-created motivational climates upon athletes' perfectionistic cognitions, J Sports Sci, 29, 661, 10.1080/02640414.2010.551541 · DOI
  13. Madigan, 2019, Development of perfectionism in junior athletes: a three-sample study of coach and parental pressure, J Sport Exerc Psychol, 41, 167, 10.1123/jsep.2018-0287 · DOI
  14. Bills, 2023, Perfectionism and eating disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Appetite, 187, 106586, 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106586 · DOI
  15. St-Cyr, 2024, Perfectionism, disordered eating and well-being in aesthetic sports: the mediating role of passion, Psychol Sport Exerc, 73, 102648, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102648 · DOI
  16. Sæle, 2021, The ideal body: a social construct? Reflections on body pressure and body ideal among students in upper secondary school, Front Sports Act Living, 3, 727502, 10.3389/fspor.2021.727502 · DOI
  17. Dahlgren, 2024, Further evidence of the association between social media use, eating disorder pathology and appearance ideals and pressure: a cross-sectional study in Norwegian adolescents, J Eat Disord, 12, 34, 10.1186/s40337-024-00992-3 · DOI
  18. Sawyer, 2012, Adolescence: a foundation for future health, Lancet, 379, 1630, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60072-5 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Baceviciene, 2023, The comparison of disordered eating, body image, sociocultural and coach-related pressures in athletes across age groups and groups of different weight sensitivity in sports, Nutrients, 15, 2724, 10.3390/nu15122724 · DOI · Paper page
  20. López-Gil, 2023, Global proportion of disordered eating in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA Pediatr, 177, 363, 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5848 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Marrows, 2023, Disordered eating in elite youth athletes: a scoping review of studies published since 2000, JSAMS Plus, 2, 100040, 10.1016/j.jsampl.2023.100040 · DOI
  22. Walter, 2022, Factors associated with disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent elite athletes, Sports Psychiatry, 1, 47, 10.1024/2674-0052/a000012 · DOI
  23. Sanz de la Garza, 2020, Definition of athletes and classification of sports, 3, 10.1007/978-3-030-35374-2_1 · DOI
  24. Salcinovic, 2022, Factors influencing team performance: what can support teams in high-performance sport learn from other industries? A systematic scoping review, Sports Med Open, 8, 25, 10.1186/s40798-021-00406-7 · DOI
  25. Karrer, 2020, Disordered eating and eating disorders in male elite athletes: a scoping review, BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med, 6, e000801, 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000801 · DOI
  26. Cole, 2012, Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity, Pediatr Obes, 7, 284, 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00064.x · DOI · Paper page
  27. Martinsen, 2013, Higher prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent elite athletes than controls, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45, 1188, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318281a939 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Fairburn, 2008, Eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), 265
  29. Mond, 2004, Validity of the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples, Behav Res Ther, 42, 551, 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00161-X · DOI · Paper page
  30. Schaefer, 2018, Identifying a male clinical cutoff on the eating disorder examination-questionnaire (EDE-Q), Int J Eat Disord, 51, 1357, 10.1002/eat.22972 · DOI
  31. Hazzard, 2020, Development and validation of the eating disorders screen for athletes (EDSA): a brief screening tool for male and female athletes, Psychol Sport Exerc, 50, 101745, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101745 · DOI
  32. Willett, 2019, Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems, Lancet, 393, 447, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Knuppel, 2019, EAT-lancet score and major health outcomes: the EPIC-Oxford study, Lancet, 394, 213, 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31236-X · DOI · Paper page
  34. Levine, 2021, The prevention of eating problems and eating disorders: Theories, research, and applications
  35. Ghazzawi, 2023, The global prevalence of screen-based disordered eating and associated risk factors among high school students: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, J Eat Disord, 11, 128, 10.1186/s40337-023-00849-1 · DOI
  36. Purcell, 2023, Starting young to protect elite athletes' mental health, Br J Sports Med, 57, 439, 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106352 · DOI
  37. Ammann, 2018, Disordered eating: the young male side, Behav Med, 44, 289, 10.1080/08964289.2017.1341383 · DOI
  38. Nagata, 2020, Eating disorders in adolescent boys and young men: an update, Curr Opin Pediatr, 32, 476, 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000911 · DOI
  39. Anderson, 2004, Gender differences in compensatory behaviors, weight and shape salience, and drive for thinness, Eat Behav, 5, 1, 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2003.07.001 · DOI
  40. Breton, 2023, Gender and sex in eating disorders: a narrative review of the current state of knowledge, research gaps, and recommendations, Brain Behav, 13, e2871, 10.1002/brb3.2871 · DOI
  41. Gallagher, 2021, Evaluating gender bias in an eating disorder risk assessment questionnaire for athletes, Eat Disord, 29, 29, 10.1080/10640266.2019.1613846 · DOI
  42. Zaccagni, 2023, The impact of sports involvement on body image perception and ideals: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20, 5228, 10.3390/ijerph20065228 · DOI
  43. Fatt, 2024, An umbrella review of body image concerns, disordered eating, and eating disorders in elite athletes, J Clin Med, 13, 4171, 10.3390/jcm13144171 · DOI
  44. Buckley, 2021, Disordered eating & body image of current and former athletes in a pandemic; a convergent mixed methods study – what can we learn from COVID-19 to support athletes through transitions?, J Eat Disord, 9, 73, 10.1186/s40337-021-00427-3 · DOI
  45. Werner, 2013, Weight-control behaviour and weight-concerns in young elite athletes – a systematic review, J Eat Disord, 1, 18, 10.1186/2050-2974-1-18 · DOI
  46. Jankauskiene, 2019, Body image and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors in sport-involved adolescents: the role of gender and sport characteristics, Nutrients, 11, 3061, 10.3390/nu11123061 · DOI
  47. Martinsen, 2010, Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls, Br J Sports Med, 44, 70, 10.1136/bjsm.2009.068668 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Mancine, 2020, Prevalence of disordered eating in athletes categorized by emphasis on leanness and activity type – a systematic review, J Eat Disord, 8, 47, 10.1186/s40337-020-00323-2 · DOI
  49. Barakat, 2023, Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review, J Eat Disord, 11, 8, 10.1186/s40337-022-00717-4 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Carrard, 2021, Associations between body dissatisfaction, the importance of appearance, and ageing anxiety with depression, and appearance-related behaviors in women in mid-life, J Women Aging, 33, 70, 10.1080/08952841.2019.1681882 · DOI
  51. Fernández-Bustos, 2019, Body dissatisfaction in adolescents: differences by sex, BMI and type and organisation of physical activity, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, 3109, 10.3390/ijerph16173109 · DOI
  52. Kantanista, 2018, Body image of highly trained female athletes engaged in different types of sport, Biomed Res Int, 2018, 6835751, 10.1155/2018/6835751 · DOI
  53. Bodega, 2023, Body image and dietary habits in adolescents: a systematic review, Nutr Rev, 82, 104, 10.1093/nutrit/nuad044 · DOI
  54. Turocy, 2011, National Athletic Trainers' association position statement: safe weight loss and maintenance practices in sport and exercise, J Athl Train, 46, 322, 10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.322 · DOI
  55. Lambert, 2022, Interassociation consensus statement on sports nutrition models for the provision of nutrition services from registered dietitian nutritionists in collegiate athletics, J Athl Train, 57, 717, 10.4085/1062-6050-0157.22 · DOI
  56. Daigle, 2021, Academy of nutrition and dietetics: revised 2021 standards of practice and standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists (competent, proficient, and expert) in sports and human performance nutrition, J Acad Nutr Diet, 121, 1813, 10.1016/j.jand.2021.04.018 · DOI
  57. Voelker, 2021, Toward understanding of coaches’ role in athletes’ eating pathology: a systematic review and ecological application to advance research, Psychol Sport Exerc, 58, 102059, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102059 · DOI
  58. Scott, 2019, Teammate influences and relationship quality are associated with eating and exercise psychopathology in athletes, Appetite, 143, 104404, 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104404 · DOI
  59. Muscat, 2008, Critical comments about body shape and weight: disordered eating of female athletes and sport participants, J Appl Sport Psychol, 20, 1, 10.1080/10413200701784833 · DOI
  60. Coker-Cranney, 2015, Coach pressure and disordered eating in female collegiate athletes: is the coach-athlete relationship a mediating factor?, J Clin Sport Psychol, 9, 213, 10.1123/jcsp.2014-0052 · DOI
  61. Teixidor-Batlle, 2021, Eating disorder symptoms in elite Spanish athletes: prevalence and sport-specific weight pressures, Front Psychol, 11, 559832, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559832 · DOI · Paper page
  62. Kontele, 2021, Nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, Children (Basel), 8, 715, 10.3390/children8080715 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Ghazzawi, 2024, A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the prevalence of self-reported disordered eating and associated factors among athletes worldwide, J Eat Disord, 12, 24, 10.1186/s40337-024-00982-5 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Stoyel, 2021, A qualitative exploration of sport and social pressures on elite athletes in relation to disordered eating, Front Psychol, 12, 633490, 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633490 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Lichtenstein, 2022, Behind the athletic body: a clinical interview study of identification of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in elite athletes, BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med, 8, e001265, 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001265 · DOI
  66. Kennedy, 2021, Initial validation of a screening tool for disordered eating in adolescent athletes, J Eat Disord, 9, 21, 10.1186/s40337-020-00364-7 · DOI
  67. Martinsen, 2014, The development of the brief eating disorder in athletes questionnaire, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46, 1666, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000276 · DOI
  68. Beumont, 1993, Measuring the specific psychopathology of eating disorder patients, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 27, 506, 10.3109/00048679309075810 · DOI

Cited by

See all 8

Metadata

Authors
Kenđel Jovanović, G., & Čulina, T.
Venue
Frontiers in Nutrition
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2024-10-15
Volume
11
ISSN
2296-861X
DOI
10.3389/fnut.2024.1398464
Cited by
8
References
4
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.