Adolescent Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Panza, Michael J.; Graupensperger, Scott; Agans, Jennifer P.; Doré, Isabelle; Vella, Stewart A.; Evans, Michael Blair

doi:10.1123/jsep.2019-0235

Cited by 202Youth Development and Social SupportPhysical Activity and HealthSports and Physical Education Studies

Adolescent Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Panza, Michael J., Graupensperger, Scott, Agans, Jennifer P., Doré, Isabelle, Vella, Stewart A., Evans, Michael Blair·2020·Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

DOI 10.1123/jsep.2019-0235PMC PMC7679280

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Abstract

Sport may protect against symptoms of mental disorders that are increasingly prevalent among adolescents. This systematic review explores the relationship between adolescent organized sport participation and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. From 9,955 records screened, 29 unique articles were selected that included 61 effect sizes and 122,056 participants. Effects were clustered into four categories based on the operationalization of sport involvement: absence or presence of involvement, frequency of involvement, volume of involvement, and duration of participation. Results from the random-effects meta-analyses indicated that symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly lower among sport-involved adolescents than in those not involved in sport, although this effect size was small in magnitude. Meta-regression was used to identify how age and sex explained heterogeneity in effects. Although these results do not signify a causal effect, they do support theorizing that sport participation during adolescence may be a protective environment against anxiety and depressive symptoms.

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Children and adolescents who participated more frequently, with higher intensity, or for longer duration (e.g. started at an early age or participated for a long period) had better mental health compared to their peers.
“We found evidence that children and adolescents who participated more frequently, who participated with higher intensity or who participated with longer duration (e.g. started at an early age or participated for a long period), had better mental health compared to their peers (Eime et al., 2013, Evans et al., 2017, Panza et al., 2020).”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Panza et al., 2020
The magnitude of the effect sizes for the association between level of sport involvement and mental health was negligible.
“However, the magnitude of the effect sizes were negligible (Eime et al., 2013, Evans et al., 2017, Panza et al., 2020).”
From Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review (2022) · cites this paper as Panza et al., 2020

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The longitudinal association between the context of physical activity and mental health in early adulthood
Doré, I., O’Loughlin, J. L., Schnitzer, M. E., Datta, G. D., & Fournier, L. (2018) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.04.001 · Cited by 66 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Meanwhile, anxiety scales included the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (used by McMahon et al., 2017), Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (used by Doré et al., 2018), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (used by Dolenc, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Trajectories of Participation in Athletics and Positive Youth Development: The Influence of Sport Type
Agans, J. P., & Geldhof, G. J. (2012) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2012.697792 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…examples, four studies (i.e., Ashdown-Frank, Sabiston, Solomon-Krakus, & O’Loughlin, 2017; Brunet et al., 2013; Jewett et al., 2014; Sabiston et al., 2016) drew data from theNicotine Dependence in Teens Study and two studies (i.e., Agans & Geldhof, 2012; Zarrett et al., 2009) drew data from the 4-”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Weekly sport practice and adolescent well-being
Merglen, A., Flatz, A., Bélanger, R. E., Michaud, P., & Surı́s, J.-C. (2013) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303729 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It may be of special interest to use a positive mental health indicator as the dependent variable such as subjective well-being (e.g., Merglen et al., 2014).”
A meta-analytic review of studies using the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale: Associations among intergroup moral behaviors.
Graupensperger, S. A., Jensen, C. J., & Evans, M. B. (2018) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000121 · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, a meta-analysis by Graupensperger, Jensen, and Evans (2018) examined variability in effect sizes by the age of athlete samples to identify potential patterns in effects related to age— revealing moderation effects that had not been tested in the original studies.”
MethodSelf-citation
Anxiety, Self-Esteem and Coping With Stress in Secondary School Students in Relation to Involvement in Organized Sports / Anksioznost, Samospoštovanje In Spoprijemanje S Stresom Pri Srednješolcih V Povezavi Z Vključenostjo V Organizirano Športno Aktivnost
Dolenc, P. (2015) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1515/sjph-2015-0031 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Meanwhile, anxiety scales included the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (used by McMahon et al., 2017), Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (used by Doré et al., 2018), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (used by Dolenc, 2015).”
Method
Who Wants to Play? Sport Motivation Trajectories, Sport Participation, and the Development of Depressive Symptoms
Wang, M., Chow, A., & Amemiya, J. L. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0649-9 · Cited by 28 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…time spent in sport as “no sport participation,” “weekly participation,” or “more-than-weekly participation” (e.g., Brière et al., 2018) would presumably hold a relationship that differs in slope and composition from a scale measuring hours involved per week (e.g., Wang et al., 2017).”
Background
Sports Participation and Positive Correlates in African American, Latino, and White Girls
Duncan, S. C., Strycker, L. A., & Chaumeton, N. R. (2015) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2015.1020156 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…& Kumapayi, 2014), (b) may be challenging to respond to (e.g., “indicate the number of sports teams on which you participated in the past year”; Duncan et al., 2015), or (c) entail researcher-imposed categories that may not fully represent the contexts involved (e.g., classifying sports as…”
Background
Do participant reporting practices in youth sport research adequately represent the diversity of sport contexts?
Robertson, M. A., Hague, C., Evans, M. B., & Martin, L. J. (2019) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101559 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Associations between organized sport participation and mental health difficulties: Data from over 11,000 US children and adolescents
Hoffmann, M. D., Barnes, J. D., Tremblay, M. S., & Guerrero, M. D. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268583 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“One factor that may protect against the development of mental health difficulties is participation in organized youth sport [3,4].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
A systematic review and meta-synthesis of mental health position statements in sport: Scope, quality and future directions
Vella, S. A., Schweickle, M. J., Sutcliffe, J., & Swann, C. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101946 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prospective Associations between Sport Participation and Indices of Mental Health across Adolescence
Graupensperger, S. A., Sutcliffe, J., & Vella, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Altogether, there is mounting evidence that sport participation is associated with mental health among youth (see review Panza et al., 2020), and this should be of primary focus for researchers in recreational sport domains (Vella & Swann, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
The effects of physical activity on the mental health of typically developing children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fu, Q., Li, L., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22690-8 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with previous systematic reviews, such as those by Biddle and Panza, which reported that physical activity interventions can reduce anxiety and depression while improving overall positive mental health in children and adolescents [77, 78].”
Contributing Factors to the Rise in Adolescent Anxiety and Associated Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review of Current Literature
Anderson, T., Valiauga, R., Tallo, C., Hong, C. B., Manoranjithan, S., Domingo, C. N., Paudel, M., Untaroiu, A., Barr, S., & Goldhaber, K. (2024) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.70009 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Impact of organized activities on mental health in children and adolescents: An umbrella review
Boelens, M., Smit, M. S., Raat, H., Bramer, W. M., & Jansen, W. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101687 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Results from this review showed that there was evidence for an impact on mental health outcomes but with a negligible magnitude of effect and high heterogeneity (Panza et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Health-related outcomes of youth sport participation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bengtsson, D., Svensson, J., Wiman, V., Stenling, A., Lundkvist, E., & Ivarsson, A. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01792-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Although causal claims are rarely made explicitly, prior observational studies and meta-analyses (e.g., [5–10]) have investigated the potential effects of sport participation (i.e., the exposure) on health-related outcomes, and with comparison groups (e.g., [5, 9, 10]), thereby implicitly invoking…”
Influential
Mental Health in Youth Athletes
Walton, C. C., Rice, S., Hutter, V., Currie, A., Reardon, C. L., & Purcell, R. (2021) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2021.05.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“20 In line with this, Weber and colleagues 21 were classified as ‘possible’ and ‘probable’ cases for anxiety, respectively, with these figures at 9.5% and 3.7% for depression.”
BackgroundInfluential
A Bird's-Eye View of Exercise Intervention in Treating Depression Among Teenagers in the Last 20 Years: A Bibliometric Study and Visualization Analysis
You, Y., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Li, Z., & Ma, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661108 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Does organized sports participation in childhood and adolescence positively influence health? A review of reviews
Bjørnarå, H. B., Westergren, T., Sejersted, E., Torstveit, M. K., Hansen, B. H., Berntsen, S., & Bere, E. T. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101425 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Value of Sport: Wellbeing Benefits of Sport Participation during Adolescence
Wilson, O. W. A., Whatman, C., Walters, S., Keung, S., Enari, D., Rogers, A., Millar, S.-K., Ferkins, L., Hinckson, E., Hapeta, J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148579 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Mental health interventions in non-elite sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sutcliffe, J., Graupensperger, S. A., Schweickle, M. J., Rice, S., Swann, C., & Vella, S. A. (2021) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.2001839 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…adult populations (Mojtabai et al., 2016), and the association between participation in organised sport and lower depressive symptoms (Graupensperger et al., 2021; Panza et al., 2019), there is substantial opportunity for researchers to address this through well-designed community sport programs.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effect of mass sports activity on prosocial behavior: A sequential mediation model of flow trait and subjective wellbeing
Duan, X., Wang, X. H., Li, X., Li, S., Zhong, Y., & Bu, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.960870 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents
Kjellenberg, K., Ekblom, O., Ahlen, J., Helgadóttir, B., & Nyberg, G. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061929 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mental Health in the Youth Athlete
Daley, M., & Reardon, C. L. (2023) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gamified devices for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review
Sánchez-Gil, J. J., Sáez, A., López-Luque, R., Ochoa-Sepúlveda, J. J., & Cañete, E. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108476 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Results from Aotearoa New Zealand's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: A call to address inequities in health-promoting activities
Wilson, O. W. A., Ikeda, E., Hinckson, E. A., Mandic, S., Richards, J. A., Duncan, S., Kira, G., Maddison, R., Meredith-Jones, K. A., Chisholm, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The impact of sports participation on psychological health and social outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and update to the “Mental Health through Sport” conceptual model
Wade, L., Eime, R., Pankowiak, A., Vella, S. A., Robinson, K. J., Kennedy, S. G., Parkes, R., & Eather, N. (2026) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-026-03104-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Urban Environment, Green Urban Areas, and Life Quality of Citizens—The Case of Warsaw
Stangierska, D., Kowalczuk, I., Juszczak, K., Widera, K., & Ferenc, W. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710943 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Sport may also protect against symptoms of mental disorders that are increasingly prevalent among adolescents [63].”
Background
Examining the Association between Sports Participation and Mental Health of Adolescents
Khan, A., Ahmed, K. R., Hidajat, T. J., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., & Edwards, E. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192417078 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“opportunities for social interactions [9,33].”
Reflections on the Field of Mental Health in Sport: Critical Issues and Ways of Moving Forward
Vella, S. A., Swann, C., & Tamminen, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2020.1854898 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Association of Sports Participation With Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents
Chi, G., & Wang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.860994 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“For example, a recent systematic review identified the negative association of a higher frequency of sports participation with depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders among adolescents (14).”
BackgroundResult
The Social Side of Sleep: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations between Peer Relationships and Sleep Quality
Lise, F. D., Bacaro, V., & Crocetti, E. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032017 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“, peer victimization) factors for their health [15,16].”
Background
Depression and anxiety: A systematic review on comparing ecotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy
Rueff, M., & Reese, G. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102097 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Supporting Mental Health in Youth Sport: Introducing a Toolkit for Coaches, Clubs, and Organisations
Walton, C. C., Carberry, S., Wilson, M., Purcell, R., OLIVE, L. S., Vella, S. A., & Rice, S. (2021) · International Sport Coaching Journal · doi:10.1123/iscj.2021-0042 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
A mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public health in Australia
Jeanes, R., O’Connor, J. P., Penney, D., Spaaij, R., Magee, J., O’Hara, E., & Lymbery, L. (2024) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daae048 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“The findings point to the potentially important contribution informal sport such as Parkrun can make to public health and in addressing inequalities that arise from a lack of access to affordable physical activity opportunities.”
Background
Exploring Adolescents’ Social Anxiety, Physical Activity, and Core Self-Evaluation: A Latent Profile and Mediation Approach
Wan, H., Huang, W., Zhang, W., & Hu, C. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.070457 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Panza et al. [29] also pointed out that regular physical activity in schools can significantly improve adolescents’ anxiety and depression.”
Physical exercise, depression, and anxiety in 2190 affective disorder subjects
D'Angelantonio, M., Collins, J. L., Manchia, M., Baldessarini, R. J., & Tondo, L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.079 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Neuromotricidad como recurso interdisciplinar. Justificación teórico-práctica a través del método BAPNE (Neuromotricity as an interdisciplinary resource. Theoretical-practical justification through the BAPNE method)
Naranjo, F. J. R., & Cabrera, E. A. (2023) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v49.98903 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Better to Have Played Than Not Played? Childhood Sport Participation, Dropout Frequencies and Reasons, and Mental Health in Adulthood
Upenieks, L., Ryan, B. M., & Knoester, C. (2024) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2023-0165 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Systems Theory of Mental Health in Recreational Sport
Vella, S. A., Schweickle, M. J., Sutcliffe, J., Liddelow, C., & Swann, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114244 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise as Treatment for “Stress-Related” Mental Disorders
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., Kaminski, J., Plag, J., & Ströhle, A. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666230927103308 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The effectiveness of child and adolescent sports engagement in China: an analysis of China’s results for the 2016–2022 Global Matrix report cards on physical activity
Xiang, C., Zhao, J., Kamalden, T. F. T., Dong, W., Luo, H., & Ismail, N. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02466-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Exploring the Association Between Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Canadian High School Students
Murphy, J., Patte, K. A., Sullivan, P., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2020-0048 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Both frequency (Eime et al., 2013; Panza et al., 2020) and involvement in other types of activities (Oberle et al.”
Background
Benefits and underlying mechanisms of organized sport participation on mental health among socially vulnerable boys. A qualitative study on parents’ perspective in the sport-based Icehearts programme
Appelqvist‐Schmidlechner, K., Haavanlammi, M., & Kekkonen, M. (2021) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2021.1996348 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Further, a systematic review by Panza et al. (2020) suggested that sport participation during adolescence may be a protective environment against anxiety and depressive symptoms.”
Background
Alleviating Doctors’ Emotional Exhaustion through Sports Involvement during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Roles of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress
Wang, H., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Xu, Z., & Yang, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811776 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Regarding the association between sports involvement and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, there is some evidence that sports involvement can help improve emotions more positively [45], adolescent health [46], and participant sports can use for depression treatment [47].”
Background
The impact of family socioeconomic status on adolescent mental and physical health: the mediating role of parental involvement in youth sports
Yang, W., Xiang, Z., Hu, H., Zheng, H., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1540968 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Differences in athletic identity, sport participation, and psychosocial factors following anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation in youth athletes
McGinley, J. J., Stapleton, E. J., Gale, E. B., Worrall, H. M., Podvin, C. C., Ellis, H. B., Wilson, P. L., & Ulman, S. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1303887 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Do Patterns of Adolescent Participation in Arts, Culture and Entertainment Activities Predict Later Wellbeing? A Latent Class Analysis
Thornton, E., Petersen, K. J., Marquez, J., & Humphrey, N. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-01950-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Importantly, such activity can promote mental health in addition to the more obvious physical health ben-e ﬁ ts (Panza et al., 2020).”
Background
The Role of Psychologists in Sport Medicine Practice
Jasser, J., Patel, D. R., & Beenen, K. T. (2022) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of physical activity on internalizing problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: the chain mediating effects of sport friendship quality and social-emotional competence
Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Du, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1626831 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Perceived barriers to sports participation among adolescent girls from low socioeconomic status neighbourhoods
Ljungmann, C. K., Christensen, J. H., Johnsen, H. R., Klinker, C. D., & Pawlowski, C. S. (2023) · Sport in Society · doi:10.1080/17430437.2023.2286013 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Organized sports participation can make contributions to adolescents reaching the recommended amount of daily PA (Silva et al. 2013) as well as promoting psychosocial health (Panza et al. 2020; Doré et al. 2019).”
Background
Sport Participation and Psychosocial Factors Which Influence Athletic Identity in Youth Athletes With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
McGinley, J. J., Stapleton, E. J., Worrall, H. M., Ellis, H. B., Wilson, P. L., & Ulman, S. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906300 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Sports may confer strong benefits to the participant in the avenues of physical health, teamwork development, and mental improvement (Panza et al., 2020).”
Background
Bewegung, körperliche Aktivität und Sport bei depressiven Erkrankungen
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., & Ströhle, A. (2022) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-021-9343-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Körperliche Aktivität in der Prävention Zahlreiche korrelative Beobachtungsstudien, Reviews und Meta analysen haben den Zusammenhang körperlicher Akti vität mit der kategorialen Prävalenz sowie dem dimensionalen Schweregrad depressiver Erkrankungen untersucht [2, 4, 6, 7, 8].”
Background
Caring coaching climates emerge as key factor in promoting high school athletes’ well-being and motivation, complimented by a task-involving climate
Hogue, C. M. (2026) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2024.2437481 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis that included over 100,000 participants revealed that adolescent athletes have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression than non-athletes (Panza et al., 2020).”
Can participation in organized sports help adolescents refrain from self-harm? An analysis of underlying mechanisms
Latina, D., Jaf, D., Alberti, R., & Tilton‐Weaver, L. C. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102133 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Association Between Sports Participation and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Australian Children: An 8-year Longitudinal Study
Khan, A., Werner‐Seidler, A., Hidajat, T. J., Feng, J., Huang, Y., & Rosenbaum, S. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Beyond the scoreboard: school-based sport experiences and high school student-athlete well-being
Bates, S. M., Mack, S., & Nothnagle, E. A. (2024) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/13573322.2024.2338402 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Researchers have theorized that student-athlete experiences in sport influence their stress levels, overall well-being, and risks for burnout (Eime et al., 2013; Larson et al., 2020; Panza et al., 2020).”
Mobile phone addiction and self-injury in adolescents with MDD: mediation by self-esteem and depression, and the failure of usage restrictions
Liu, X., Yan, N., Wang, L., He, K., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Lan, T., Wang, J., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06184-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that physical exercise can effectively reduce MPA [49], boost self-esteem [50] and lower levels of depression [51].”
Background
The Relationships among Sport Participation Level, Flow Experience, Perceived Health Status and Depression Level of College Students
Lin, S.-T., Hung, Y.-H., & Yang, M.-H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010251 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“[26] employed a systematic review and meta-analysis related to 29 adolescents’ organized sport participation and self-reported symptoms of depression.”
Method
Mental Health in Youth Elite Athletes
Walton, C. C., Rice, S., & Purcell, R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08364-8_22 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effects of wrestling training on psychological well-being, anxiety, and resilience in adolescent boys
ÖZKAN, R., Yılmaz, C., Uzun, R. N., Bayrakdaroğlu, S., Akar, Ö. O., Öz, F., Çiçekli, A., Çiçekli, A., Dal, S., Ursu, V. E., et al. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-03962-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Regarding sport anxiety, reductions in both cognitive and somatic components are consistent with studies demonstrating that participation in organized sports is linked to lower anxiety and depressive symptoms among youth [40].”
Progression in training volume and perceived psychological and physiological training distress in Norwegian student athletes: A cross-sectional study
Hagum, C. N., Tønnessen, E., & Shalfawi, S. A. I. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263575 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“However, additional research is needed to test different variables that explain potential gender differences and mental health relationships in sports [76].”
Background
The benefits of chronic sport participation and acute exercise on mental health and executive functioning in adolescents
Pasquerella, L., Aychman, M. M., Tasnim, N., Piccirillo, A., Holmes, V., & Basso, J. C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88427-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Team sports as a protective factor against mental health problems and suicidal ideation in adolescents
de Oliveira, L. M. F. T., da Silva, A. O., Farah, B. Q., Leão, I. C. S., de Souza, F. T. C., Santiago, F. L., Machado, L., & Diniz, P. R. B. (2023) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.022 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Thus, it is still unclear how group and individual sports relate to mental health and suicidal ideation (Panza et al., 2020).”
Symptoms of depression and anxiety among elite high school student-athletes in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeated cross-sectional study
Andersson, M. J., Kenttä, G., Moesch, K., Borg, E., Claesdotter‐Knutsson, E., & Håkansson, A. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2241783 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…social connection, and social support are important protective factors mediating the relationship between high school sports participation and the onset of internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety in adolescents (Armstrong et al., 2015; Harvey et al., 2018; Panza et al., 2020).”
Background
The Mediating and Moderating Role of Social–Emotional Skills in the Relationship between Sports Participation and Test Anxiety
Wang, K., & Qian, J. (2024) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs14060512 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…the World Health Organi-Behav zation (WHO) [10], sports participation, as a non-invasive and easily accessible method, effectively alleviates anxiety by aiding individuals in managing and coping with their anxious emotions [11,12], including test anxiety [13,14], enhancing their well-being [15,16].”
Background
Sports Team Participation, Bias-Based Bullying, and Mental Health Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents
Kaja, S. M., Gower, A. L., Parchem, B., Adler, S. J., McGuire, J. K., Rider, G. N., & Eisenberg, M. E. (2025) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2025.2465702 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“It could also be that the factors that cause sport to be related to lower depressive symptoms (i.e., social connection) do less to alleviate anxiety (Babiss & Gangwisch, 2009; Panza et al., 2020).”
How do sports participation and sports settings influence the mental health of children and adolescents? A systematic review of qualitative studies
Ooms, L., van Stam, W., Sevdalis, V., Overbye, M., Algurén, B., Heck, S., & Hoye, A. V. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25916-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This need applies to sports participation in general, across different stages of development, and particularly among children and adolescents [20, 21, 24, 36, 37].”
School belonging and depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of social inclusion and loneliness
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“…in adolescence largely predict major depression in adulthood [3], which is associated with many consequences, including, but not limited to, anxiety [4,5], maladaptive outcomes [6], psychosocial outcomes such as failure to complete secondary school, unemployment [7], and suicidal behaviors [4,8].”
Background
Associations between organised leisure-time activities and mental health problems in children
Boelens, M., Smit, M. S., Windhorst, D. A., Jonkman, H., Hosman, C. M. H., Raat, H., & Jansen, W. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04591-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“However, most did not adjust for physical activity [16, 42, 43].”
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Prevalence of potential risk of eating disorders among young, unprofessional European athletes: results of the ERASMUS+ project SCAED
Jovanović, G. K., & Čulina, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1398464 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sports participation, frequency, and competence differentially impact youth depressive, anxious, and somatic symptoms: Gender, neighborhood, and sports type effects
Carter, J. S., McNair, G., Bushnell, A., Saldana, L., & Grant, K. E. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100562 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms and activity engagement in autistic adolescents and those with other developmental disabilities
Wiggins, L. D., Daniels, J. L., Overwyk, K. J., Croen, L., DiGuiseppi, C. G., Bradley, C., Powell, P. S., Dichter, G. S., Moody, E. J., & Pazol, K. (2024) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101633 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Soccer Participation and Team Cohesion for Adolescents: A Chain-Mediated Effect of Athlete Engagement and Collective Self-Esteem
Zhao, Z., Che, X., Wang, H., Zheng, Y., Ma, N., Gao, L., & Shui, Y. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15020155 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it has been shown that anxiety and depression symptoms are significantly lower among adolescents participating in sports than among those who do not participate in sports (Panza et al., 2020).”
Effect of team-building sports games on the resilience of Chinese rural children: evidence from Nanxian county, Hunan province
Liu, B., You, J., Fan, Y., Xia, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2025.1552597 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bidirectional Relationship Between Mental Health and Sports Injury in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Chow, A. R. W., Zaneva, M., Rashid, L., Wheatley, C., Coussios, C. C., Hepach, R., & Bowes, L. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02379-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“You Get to…” a Qualitative Study of Perceived Influence of Physical Activity and Sport on Mental Wellbeing among Adolescent Girls
Murphy, J. M., Coulter, M., Sweeney, M. R., & McGrane, B. (2022) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2022.122008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Assessing the Role of Sports Participation on Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Behaviors Among Adolescents Before and During COVID-19
Veliz, P. T., & Mutumba, M. (2023) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0635 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A National Survey on the Relationship of Youth Sport Specialization Behaviors to Self-Reported Anxiety and Depression in Youth Softball Players
Zeller, A. M., Lear, A., Post, E. G., McNulty, S., & Bentley, B. C. (2024) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381241228539 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mental health profiles among 13-16-year-Old Norwegian talent and mainstream students - A prospective person-centered analytical approach
Stornæs, A. V., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Pettersen, G., Rosenvinge, J. H., & Nordin‐Bates, S. M. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102474 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Does sports participation affect the mediating role of impulsivity in the association between adverse childhood experiences and aggression?
Janković, M., Boxtel, G. J. M. V., & Bogaerts, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234910 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Journey to the top: The non-linear path of identity foreclosure and exploration and its implications for mental health in female professional athletes
Farello, A., Trajkovski, M., & Massey, W. V. (2025) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2024.2413999 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“While no one is completely immune to experiencing mental health struggles, there is a growing body of literature supporting the positive relationship between sport participation and mental health benefits from childhood to later adulthood (Massey et al., 2024; Panza et al., 2020).”
Understanding significant experiences of adolescent athletes’ participation in competitive sports life: a systematic review
Dongoran, M. F., Setyawati, H., Kristiyanto, A., Raharjo, H. P., & Setiawan, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1515200 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Preliminary Study on the Effect of an Intervention Based on Green Exercise on Mental Health and Physical Fitness of Adolescents
Gómez-Paniagua, S., Galán-Arroyo, C., Castillo-Paredes, A., & Rojo-Ramos, J. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070809 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Panza and colleagues [2] identified a significant increase in the prevalence of adolescent anxiety disorders and depression in recent years.”
Associations of Sport Participation with Depression and Anxiety among Chinese Minority Adolescents
Xiao, Z., Doig, S. R., Wu, H., & Wang, L. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2022.019395 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Interactions between genetic risk for 21 neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and sport activity on youth mental health
Misztal, M. C., Tio, E. S., Mohan, A., & Felsky, D. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115550 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…further suggests that the benefits of sports participation in youth are dependent on the frequency and type of sport played (Dor ´ e et al., 2016; Panza et al., 2020; Sabiston et al., 2016; Vella et al., 2017); for example, Sabiston et al. found that young high school-aged adults who…”
Background
Role of Sports Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs in the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Psychological Adaptation in Adolescents
Rodrigue, C., Bőthe, B., & Dion, J. (2024) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595241267964 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“In a recent meta-analysis, Panza et al. (2020) concluded that a negative relationship exists between sports participation and depressive and anxiety symptoms.”
Associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and anxiety and depression among youth receiving special education services in the US
Zimmerman, S. P., Nowland, L. A., Zhu, X., Haegele, J. A., & Ross, S. M. (2023) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101541 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Playing for more than winning: Exploring sports participation, physical activity, and belongingness and their relationship with patterns of adolescent substance use and mental health
Halladay, J., Ogrodnik, M., Alla, J. F., Sunderland, M., Gardner, L. A., & Georgiades, K. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111039 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pediatric Sports: The Mental Health and Psychological Impact of Sport and Injury
Xu, E., Greif, D. N., Castle, P., & Lander, S. T. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14124321 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The benefits of undergraduate medical students delivering free preparticipation physical evaluations in collaboration with a K-12 school district
Cappetto, K. D., Ehrlich, B., Anderson, E. A., Huynh, A. T., Tran, J., & Hudon, K. D. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05806-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Research has shown organized sport participation can be protective against symptoms of anxiety and depression [28].”
Background
Impact of structured physical activity on youth’s mental health: A review of umbrella reviews
Ciacchella, C., Collacchi, B., Fiorillo, A., Sampogna, G., & Cirulli, F. (2025) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251342425 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…externalizing (conduct dysregulation, risky behavior, school truancy, and delinquency) problems in this target group (Ashdown-Franks et al., 2020; Boelens et al., 2022; Dale et al., 2019; Firth et al., 2020; Lynch et al., 2013; Nelson & Gordon-Larsen, 2006; Panza et al., 2020; Wegner et al., 2020).”
Extracurricular Activity Participation Among Autistic Children and Adolescents: Buffer for Internalizing Conditions and Foundation for Friendship?
Pappagianopoulos, J. E., Rouch, E. F., & Mazurek, M. O. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06158-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…Consistent with hypotheses and prior findings among TD youth and one study with a small sample of autistic adolescents (Bohnert et al., 2019; Eime et al., 2013; Panza et al., 2020), adolescents who participated in sports were significantly less likely to have a current depression diag - nosis.”
Participation in club sport in childhood is associated with mental health in preterm and term born adolescents
Spiegler, J., EL‐Awad, U., Baumann, N., Lemola, S., & Dieter Wolke, C. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02365-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Investigations of the association between club sport participation (CSP) and mental health problems have been limited to cross-sectional and retrospective studies [11, 15, 27].”
Background
Moderated by personal perception: The preventive relationship between home HIIT dance and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Hu, Y., Son, K., Yang, Z., & Mao, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117186 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Mental Health and Wellbeing of Irish Adolescents During Covid-19 Restrictions. A Re-Issue of the Physical Activity and Wellbeing Study (PAWS)
Murphy, J. M., McGrane, B., & Sweeney, M. R. (2021) · Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.5334/paah.127 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sports coaches’ depression literacy, and engagement in prevention and early intervention behaviors: A moderated mediation analysis
O’Leary, C., Rooney, B., Donohue, B. C., & Matthews, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2022.2126908 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Recent research has suggested a positive relationship between sport participation and mental health in young people (Panza et al., 2020).”
Background
The persisting influence of organized sports participation on mental health and wellness: a longitudinal repeated measures study of adolescent female athletes
Meyers, R., Brna, M., Hogg-Cornejo, V., Donahue, C. C., Sweeney, E. A., Armento, A., & Howell, D. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1527622 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Association between outdoor physical activity and positive mental health in adolescence: estimating the mediation effect of autonomy, competence and relatedness
Drapeau, C., Lenze, L., Montiel, C., Gallant, F., Bélanger, M. F., & Doré, I. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01847-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Specifically, physical activity among adolescents is associated with reduced anxiety [50] and depressive symptoms [6, 10, 46, 50], reduced occurrence of depression disorder [3, 6, 10], and reduced stress, negative affect and psychological distress [54].”
Self-citation
Can Physical Activity Protect Young Adolescents With Difficult Temperaments and Exposed to Family Adversity From Internalizing and Externalizing Problems? Yes, But…
Alawie, F., Olivier, E., & Dupéré, V. (2024) · Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231224812 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These results are consistent with the conclusions of previous systematic reviews that have demonstrated the bene ﬁ ts of PA in reducing symptoms of depression in the general adolescent population (Biddle et al., 2019; Panza et al., 2020).”
General Self-Efficacy as a Mediator of Physical Activity’s Impact on Well-Being Among Norwegian Adolescents: A Gender and Age Perspective
Fossli, K., & Lorentzen, C. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15091239 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…settings may facilitate the development of social skills, such as collaboration and leadership, and offer access to peers and adults who can serve as successful role models and provide support and encouragement (Evans et al., 2017; Oberle et al., 2019; Panza et al., 2020; Zuckerman et al., 2021).”
General lifestyle factors explain young athletes’ mental health more than perceived coach autonomy support: a cross-sectional study on basketball players and gymnasts aged 10–22
Lundqvist, C., Asratian, A., & Dahlström, Ö. (2023) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001648 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Physical Activity as a Buffer in the Association Between Perceived Ethnic‐Racial Discrimination and Latinx Adolescent Mental Health
Zhang, Y., & Halgunseth, L. C. (2024) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.98 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Are There Common Correlates of Adolescents’ Sport Participation and Screen Time?
Parker, K. E., Brown, H. L., & Salmon, J. (2022) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1998305 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…social interactions and social competence) and physical health (e.g., improved cardio-metabolic health and peak bone mass) (Logan et al., 2020; Panza et al., 2020; Tenforde & Fredericson, 2011), as well as a contribution to the development of physical literacy elements that are essential for…”
Background
Sport practice and depression during adolescence: Special emphasis on performance level and sport discipline
Sitko, S., Francín-Gallego, M., Pano-Rodríguez, Á., Oviedo‐Caro, M. Á., Mayolas-Pi, C., & Legaz‐Arrese, A. (2024) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring the sports participation, muscle-strengthening exercise and active commuting with comorbidity of depression and anxiety among Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Feng, B., Luo, F., Chen, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, P., & Bao, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1338190 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Physical activity and anxiety in the adolescence: special emphasis on sport type and performance level
Francín-Gallego, M., Oviedo‐Caro, M. Á., Sitko, S., Legaz‐Arrese, A., Pano-Rodríguez, Á., Munguía‐Izquierdo, D., Masià, J. R., & Mayolas-Pi, C. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02358-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that sports participation during adolescence may represent a protective environment against anxiety (Panza et al. 2020).”
Relationship with Adults in Organized Sports and Non-Sports Activities and Links with Psychological Adjustment in Adolescence: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study
White‐Gosselin, C., Poulin, F., & Denault, A. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02126-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“If this is the case, it could be explained by the fact that sport activities in general are widely recognized as having bene ﬁ ts for adolescents (Panza et al., 2020).”
“That's not fair on my kid”: Carers' perspectives on sport participation and experiences for children in out-of-home care
Simpson, A., Jackson, B., Willis, C., Lin, A. P., Thornton, A., Furzer, B. J., Dimmock, J. A., Jeftic, I., Rosenberg, M., & Budden, T. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102802 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Associations between adolescent organized sport participation and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Panza, M. J., Graupensperger, S. A., Agans, J. P., DorÃ, I., Vella, S. A., & Evans, M. B. (2019) · Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (SCAPPS refereed abstracts repository)
Self-citation
The Association of Sports Participation With Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents
Chi, G., & Wang, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.860994 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Prospective associations between sport participation and psychological adjustment in adolescents
Brière, F. N., Yale-Soulière, G., Gonzalez-Sicilia, D., Harbec, M.-J., Morizot, J., Janosz, M., & Pagani, L. (2018) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2017-209656 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Prospective Associations between Sport Participation and Indices of Mental Health across Adolescence
Graupensperger, S. A., Sutcliffe, J., & Vella, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Associations of Sport Participation with Depression and Anxiety among Chinese Minority Adolescents
Xiao, Z., Doig, S. R., Wu, H., & Wang, L. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2022.019395 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Authors: Panza, M. J., Graupensperger, S., Agans, J. P., Doré, I., Vella, S. A., & Evans, M. B.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Université de Montréal (CA)
University of Wollongong (AU)
ORCID: Graupensperger, Scott
Agans, Jennifer P.
Doré, Isabelle
Vella, Stewart A.
Evans, Michael Blair
Venue: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Published: 2020-06-01
Volume: 42
Issue: 3
Pages: 201-218
ISSN: 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
1543-2904
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0235
PMC: PMC7679280
OpenAlex: W3026226008
Cited by: 202
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 3.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F31AA027685)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA017629)
Topics: Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
Keywords: youth sport participation, organized sport, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, mental health, protective factors, sex differences, age differences

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Adolescent Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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