The DOI matches its Crossref record; 142 of the 145 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Targeting the Immune Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Focus on T Cell Immunity
Open accessAbstract
Immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have emerged as promising modalities in multiple hematologic malignancies. Despite the excitement surrounding immunotherapy, it is currently not possible to predict which patients will respond. Within solid tumors, the status of the immune microenvironment provides valuable insight regarding potential responses to immune therapies. Much less is known about the immune microenvironment within hematologic malignancies but the characteristics of this environment are likely to serve a similar predictive role. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematologic malignancy in adults, and only 25% of patients are alive 5 years following their diagnosis. There is evidence that manipulation of the immune microenvironment by leukemia cells may play a role in promoting therapy resistance and disease relapse. In addition, it has long been documented that through modulation of the immune system following allogeneic bone marrow transplant, AML can be cured, even in patients with the highest risk disease. These concepts, along with the poor prognosis associated with this disease, have encouraged many groups to start exploring the utility of novel immune therapies in AML. While the implementation of these therapies into clinical trials for AML has been supported by preclinical rationale, many questions still exist surrounding their efficacy, tolerability, and the overall optimal approach. In this review, we discuss what is known about the immune microenvironment within AML with a specific focus on T cells and checkpoints, along with their implications for immune therapies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“MSCs play a role in innate and acquired immunity directly through cell-cell contact or secretion of soluble factors.32,33”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“AML can lead to the induction of MDSCs and Tregs, which dampen adaptive immune response in close proximity to leukemic cells.32”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Initiative, A. P. C. G., Alexandrov, L. B., ICGC Breast Cancer Consortium, ICGC MMML-Seq Consortium, PedBrain, I., Nik-Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Aparicio, S. A. J. R., Behjati, S., Biankin, A. V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12477 · Cited by 9,660
Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade
Le, D. T., Durham, J. N., Smith, K. N., Wang, H., Bartlett, B. R., Aulakh, L. K., Lu, S., Kemberling, H., Wilt, C., Luber, B. S., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan6733 · Cited by 6,645
Freeman, G. J., Long, A. J., Iwai, Y., Bourque, K., Chernova, T., Nishimura, H., Fitz, L. J., Malenkovich, N., Okazaki, T., Byrne, M. C., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.7.1027 · Cited by 5,294
Genomic and Epigenomic Landscapes of Adult De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1301689 · Cited by 5,078
Accessories to the Crime: Functions of Cells Recruited to the Tumor Microenvironment
Hanahan, D., & Coussens, L. M. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.022 · Cited by 4,632 · cited 3×
“Curr Opin Immunol (2007) 19(3):309–14.”
InfluentialIntratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Zhang, L., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Katsaros, D., Gimotty, P. A., Massobrio, M., Regnani, G., Makrigiannakis, A., Gray, H., Schlienger, K., Liebman, M. N., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020177 · Cited by 3,397
Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade
McGranahan, N., Furness, A. J. S., Rosenthal, R., Ramskov, S., Lyngaa, R., Saini, S. K., Jamal-Hanjani, M., Wilson, G. A., Birkbak, N. J., Hiley, C. T., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf1490 · Cited by 3,065
Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma
Van Allen, E. M., Miao, D., Schilling, B., Shukla, S. A., Blank, C., Zimmer, L., Sucker, A., Hillen, U., Geukes Foppen, M. H., Goldinger, S. M., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad0095 · Cited by 2,839
Graft-versus-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation
Horowitz, M., Rp, G., Pm, S., Goldman, J. M., Kersey, J., Kolb, H., Rimm, A., Ringdén, O. T. H., Rozmán, C., & SPECK, B. (1990) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v75.3.555.555 · Cited by 2,769
PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
Day, C. L., Kaufmann, D. E., Kiepiela, P., Brown, J. A., Moodley, E. S., Reddy, S., Mackey, E. W., Miller, J. D., Leslie, A. J., DePierres, C., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05115 · Cited by 2,680
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 145 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–118 of 118
Pan, Y., Wu, G.-C., Liu, C., Chen, M., Xia, T., Ma, Y., Yang, Z., & Wen, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2025.1652142 · Cited by 1
Kreissig, S., Windisch, R., & Wichmann, C. W. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13010078 · Cited by 1
Michal, R., Andrea, W., Halámková, J., Pehalová, L., Řiháčková, E., Bouček, L., Kateřina, K., Hrnčiříková, I., & Kiss, I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39320 · Cited by 1
Disulfidptosis-related LncRNAs forecast the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Xu, P., Sun, X., Pan, L., Zhu, J., & Qian, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95607-5 · Cited by 1
Liang, C., Yue, M., Zhang, K., Zhou, S., Xu, X., Wang, S., & Liu, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1734327 · Cited by 2
Dendritic Cell-Regulated T Cell Immunity and Tolerance against Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Tian, Y., Yu, H., Hu, S., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33946-3_5
Romine, K. A., Cho, H.-J., Kosaka, Y., Byrd, K. H., Coy, J. L., Flynn, P. A., Newman, M., Loo, C. P., Scott, J., & Lind, E. F. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455147
Romine, K. A., Cho, H.-J., Kosaka, Y., Byrd, K. H., Coy, J. L., Flynn, P., Newman, M., Loo, C. P., & Lind, E. F. (2021) · Regular and Young Investigator Award Abstracts · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.734
Identification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Bone Marrow Circulating MicroRNAs
Agha, D. M., Rouas, R., Najar, M., Bouhtit, F., Naamane, N., Fayyad‐Kazan, H., Bron, D., Meuleman, N., Lewalle, P., & Merimi, M. (2021) · Vide Leaf, Hyderabad eBooks · doi:10.37247/imcac.1.2021.12
PML/RARa leukemia induced murine model for immunotherapy evaluation
Shiraishi, R. N., Bombeiro, A. L., de Castro, T. C. L., Via, F. I. D., dos Santos, I. P., Rego, E. M., Saad, S. T. O., & Torello, C. O. (2023) · Transplant Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.trim.2023.101919
Qin, C., Tong, X., Su, C., Zhou, Z., & Zheng, D. (2025) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.14444
SLC43A2-mediated immune cell infiltration: a potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia
Li, M., Zhang, T., Wang, B., Liu, J., Zhao, M., Jiang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1655766
Otmani, K., Rouas, R., Lagneaux, L., Krayem, M., Duvillier, H., Berehab, M., & Lewalle, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26618836
ALKBH5 facilitates acute myeloid leukemia development and immune escape via PD-L1 regulation
Ma, X., Zhao, C., Xi, Y., Fu, L., Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Ye, X., & Gao, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1781803
EVT-701 : targeting electron transport chain complex I as therapeutic approach in cancer
Yolba, R. L. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9cadea77z03ccz4a54zb381zf34a432615a5
Immunomodulation des lymphocytes Vγ9Vδ2 dans les leucémies aigües
Floch, A.-C. L. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b4e332efz0a66z4c9az85eaz8eea012e9839
Targeting the Epigenetic–Immune Axes in Hematologic Malignancies
Pandita, R., & Lind, E. F. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18182985
Anand, P., Stein, J., Abdulmajid, J., Feng, X., Wichmann, C. W., Chen-Wichmann, L., Schmid, C., Schmetzer, H. M., & Velázquez, G. F. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18213421
Metadata
- Authors
- Lamble, A. J., & Lind, E. F.
- Affiliations
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lind, Evan F.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-06-13
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 213-213
- ISSN
- 2234-943X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6008423
- OpenAlex
- W2807706866
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Center (U54CA224019, U01CA217862)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- acute myeloid leukemia, tumor immune microenvironment, T cell immunity, immune checkpoint, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, treatment resistance, recurrence, predictive biomarkers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
