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Cited by 178Silicon Effects in AgriculturePlant Stress Responses and TolerancePlant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 364 of the 364 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress

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Mir, Rakeeb Ahmad, Bhat, Basharat Ahmad, Yousuf, Henan, Islam, Sheikh Tajamul, Raza, Ali, Rizvi, Masood Ahmad, Charagh, Sidra, Albaqami, Mohammed, Sofi, Parvaze A., Zargar, Sajad Majeed·2022·Frontiers in Plant Science
DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658PMC PMC8984490
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Abstract

Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658

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364 of 364 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Figures

FIGURE 1 Impact of abiotic stress on various aspects of plant growth and defense mechanisms evoked by application of Si.
FIGURE 1 Impact of abiotic stress on various aspects of plant growth and defense mechanisms evoked by application of Si.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 2 The silicon-induced mechanism for regulating abiotic stresses. (A) Silicon is taken up through anion transporters. (B) Drought and salinity stress induce osmotic stress and osmotic imbalance. Si enhances the synthesis of osmoprotectants like proline, glycine, and betaine. (C) Stress induces the formation of ROS. Si enhances the expression of CAT, SOD, and POD for protection against oxidative damage. (D–F) Si supplementation results in transcriptional regulation of genes related to photosynthesis, such as overexpression of PsaH, which encodes essential polypeptide subunits of photosystem-I (PSI) dimer, the PsbY (Os08g02530) gene encoding polyprotein component of Photosystem II and the PetC gene, encoding Rieske Fe-S center-binding polypeptide of cytochrome bf complex. (G) Si modulates the synthesis of plant growth regulators to alleviate stress. Si induces the S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene, encoding essential enzymes responsible for synthesizing polyamines. (H) Salinity stress negatively affects plant growth by increasing the accumulation of ions up to toxic levels. Due to a higher influx of NaCl, plants experience more severe oxidative and ionic stress. Sodium-ion accumulation up to toxic levels triggers ROS production, which, in turn, severely damages the cellular components and accelerates senescence in mature leaves, leading to reduced growth and metabolism. Si administration improves uptake of K+, which, in turn, stimulates H+-ATPase enzymes in the plasma membrane that helps to overcome salt stress.
FIGURE 2 The silicon-induced mechanism for regulating abiotic stresses. (A) Silicon is taken up through anion transporters. (B) Drought and salinity stress induce osmotic stress and osmotic imbalance. Si enhances the synthesis of osmoprotectants like proline, glycine, and betaine. (C) Stress induces the formation of ROS. Si enhances the expression of CAT, SOD, and POD for protection against oxidative damage. (D–F) Si supplementation results in transcriptional regulation of genes related to photosynthesis, such as overexpression of PsaH, which encodes essential polypeptide subunits of photosystem-I (PSI) dimer, the PsbY (Os08g02530) gene encoding polyprotein component of Photosystem II and the PetC gene, encoding Rieske Fe-S center-binding polypeptide of cytochrome bf complex. (G) Si modulates the synthesis of plant growth regulators to alleviate stress. Si induces the S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene, encoding essential enzymes responsible for synthesizing polyamines. (H) Salinity stress negatively affects plant growth by increasing the accumulation of ions up to toxic levels. Due to a higher influx of NaCl, plants experience more severe oxidative and ionic stress. Sodium-ion accumulation up to toxic levels triggers ROS production, which, in turn, severely damages the cellular components and accelerates senescence in mature leaves, leading to reduced growth and metabolism. Si administration improves uptake of K+, which, in turn, stimulates H+-ATPase enzymes in the plasma membrane that helps to overcome salt stress.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 3 Interaction and crosstalk network of silicon with phytohormones and other signaling molecules in response to various abiotic and oxidative stresses. Read the text for further information.
FIGURE 3 Interaction and crosstalk network of silicon with phytohormones and other signaling molecules in response to various abiotic and oxidative stresses. Read the text for further information.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. da Silva, 2008, Revealing response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses with microarray technology., Genes Genomes Genomics, 2, 14
  2. Nosrati, 2014, The role of silicon to increase salt tolerance in red and white varieties of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)., J. Plant Sci. Res., 30
  3. Sierra, 2021, How management practices affect silicon uptake by Hordeum vulgare grown in a highly calcareous soil., Soil Use Manage., 2021
  4. Zargar, 2013, Impact of silicon on various agro-morphological and physiological parameters in maize and revealing its role in enhancing water stress tolerance., Emirates J. Food Agricult., 2013, 138
  5. Zia, 2021, Biochemical responses of wheat to silicon application under salinity., J. Plant Nutrit. Soil Sci., 184, 255, 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.023 · DOI

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Authors
Mir, R. A., Bhat, B. A., Yousuf, H., Islam, S. T., Raza, A., Rizvi, M. A., Charagh, S., Albaqami, M., Sofi, P. A., & Zargar, S. M.
Affiliations
  • Central University of Kashmir (IN)
  • University of Kashmir (IN)
  • Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University (IN)
  • Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (CN)
  • China National Rice Research Institute (CN)
  • Umm al-Qura University (SA)
  • Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (IN)
Corresponding author
  • Mir, Rakeeb Ahmad
  • Raza, Ali
  • Zargar, Sajad Majeed
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Plant Science
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-03-23
Volume
13
Pages
819658-819658
ISSN
1664-462X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpls.2022.819658
PMC
PMC8984490
OpenAlex
W4220710366
Cited by
178
References
364
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 23
FWCI
3.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Plant Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Environment
  • Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Silicon Effects in Agriculture
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Keywords
silicon, abiotic stress tolerance, phytohormone metabolism, plant growth, cultivated plants, auxin, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, stress tolerance mechanisms, high-throughput screening, sustainable agriculture, food security

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